Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 7-the State Council Press Office released a white paper entitled "China Action against COVID-19 Epidemic" on June 7. The full text is as follows:
Action in China to fight the COVID-19 epidemic.
(June 2020)
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
the State Council Information Office
catalogue
foreword
First, the arduous course of China in fighting the epidemic
(1) Stage 1: Respond to sudden epidemic situation immediately.
(2) The second stage: initially curbing the spread of the epidemic.
（三）第三阶段：本土新增病例数逐步下降至个位数
（四）第四阶段：取得武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战决定性成果
（五）第五阶段：全国疫情防控进入常态化
Two, prevention and treatment of the two battlefields to cooperate.
(A) the establishment of a unified and efficient command system
(2) Building a strict prevention and control system with the participation of the whole people
(three) to rescue patients and save lives.
(four) timely and transparent release of epidemic information according to law.
(5) Give full play to the supporting role of science and technology.
Third, unite the powerful forces to fight the epidemic
(A) human life is above everything else
(2) Raise the national strength to fight the epidemic.
(3) Balancing epidemic prevention and control with the economy, society and people’s livelihood
(4) The 1.4 billion people of China are tenacious and dedicated to help each other.
Fourth, jointly build a healthy community of human health
(1) China thanks and remembers the valuable support and help of the international community.
(2) China actively carries out international exchanges and cooperation.
(3) The international community unites and cooperates to fight the epidemic together.
Concluding remarks
foreword
Novel coronavirus is a global pandemic with the widest impact on human beings in the past century, which is a serious crisis and severe test for the whole world. Human life safety and health are facing a major threat.
This is a war between all mankind and the virus. In the face of the unprecedented, sudden and menacing epidemic natural disasters, China decisively launched an epidemic prevention and control war. China puts people’s life safety and physical health first, and with firm courage and determination, takes the most comprehensive, strict and thorough prevention and control measures to effectively block the virus transmission chain. The 1.4 billion people of China are tenacious, dedicated, United and cooperative, and have built a solid defense line to fight the epidemic with one heart, which shows the great strength of the people.
China has always adhered to the concept of a community of human destiny, shouldered the responsibility of a big country, and fought side by side with other countries to overcome the difficulties. China informed the international community of the epidemic information at the first time in a legal, open, transparent and responsible manner, and shared the experience of prevention, control and treatment with all parties without reservation. China feels the same way about the suffering caused by the epidemic to people all over the world, and does its best to provide humanitarian assistance to the international community and support the global fight against the epidemic.
At present, the epidemic continues to spread around the world. China deeply regrets the people who were killed by the virus and died in the fight against the epidemic, pays deep respect to those who raced against time to save lives and contain the epidemic, and expresses wishes to those who are unfortunately infected with the virus and are undergoing treatment. China firmly believes that the international community will be able to overcome the epidemic, get out of this difficult time in human history and usher in a better tomorrow for human development.
In order to record the great course of China people’s fighting against the epidemic, share China’s experience in fighting the epidemic with the international community, and clarify the China concept and China proposition of global fighting against the epidemic, the China government has issued this white paper.
First, the arduous course of China in fighting the epidemic
COVID-19 epidemic is a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the widest infection range and the most difficult prevention and control since the founding of New China. It is a crisis and a big test for China. The governments of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China attached great importance to it and acted quickly. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally commanded and deployed it, taking overall situation into consideration and making decisive decisions, which strengthened confidence, consolidated strength and pointed out the direction for the people of China to fight the epidemic. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the whole country carried out the general requirements of "strengthening confidence, helping each other in the same boat, scientific prevention and control, and precise policy" and launched a people’s war, a general war and a blocking war to fight the epidemic. After arduous efforts, China paid a huge price and sacrifice, effectively reversed the epidemic situation, initially curbed the epidemic spread momentum in more than one month, controlled the daily new cases in the local area within single digits in about two months, and achieved decisive results in the Wuhan and Hubei defense wars in about three months. The prevention and control of the epidemic situation achieved significant strategic results, safeguarded people’s life safety and physical health, and made important contributions to maintaining regional and world public health safety.
By 24: 00 on May 31, 2020, 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had reported a total of 83,017 confirmed cases, 78,307 cases were cured and 4,634 cases died, with a cure rate of 94.3% and a death rate of 5.6% (see Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4). Looking back on the previous stage of China’s anti-epidemic process, it can be roughly divided into five stages.
(1) Stage 1: Respond to sudden epidemic situation immediately.
(December 27, 2019 to January 19, 2020)
In Wuhan City, Hubei Province, cases of unexplained pneumonia were found. China reported the epidemic situation at the first time, and quickly took action to carry out etiological and epidemiological investigations to stop the spread of the epidemic. Inform the World Health Organization, the United States and other countries of the epidemic information in a timely and proactive manner, and announce the genome sequence of novel coronavirus to the world. Local community transmission and cluster cases appeared in Wuhan, and confirmed cases related to Wuhan began to appear in other areas. China launched comprehensive epidemic prevention and control.
(1) On December 27th, 2019, Hubei Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine reported cases of unexplained pneumonia to Jianghan District CDC in Wuhan. According to the analysis of the condition, treatment outcome, epidemiological investigation and preliminary laboratory detection, Wuhan organization experts believe that the above cases are viral pneumonia.
(2) On December 30th, Wuhan Municipal Health and Wellness Commission issued the Emergency Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Treatment of Unknown Pneumonia to the medical institutions under its jurisdiction. The National Health and Wellness Commission immediately organized research and acted quickly after learning the relevant information.
(3) In the early morning of December 31st, the National Health and Wellness Commission made arrangements and sent working groups and expert groups to Wuhan to guide the epidemic situation and conduct on-site investigation. The Wuhan Municipal Health and Wellness Committee released the Bulletin on the Current Pneumonia Epidemic Situation in Our City on the official website, and found 27 cases, reminding the public to avoid closed public places and crowded places as much as possible, and wear masks when going out. Since that day, the Wuhan Municipal Health and Wellness Commission has released epidemic information according to law.
(4) On January 1, 2020, the National Health and Wellness Commission set up a leading group for epidemic response and disposal. On January 2nd, the National Health and Wellness Commission formulated the "Three Early Programs" for the Prevention and Control of Unknown Viral Pneumonia; China CDC and China Academy of Medical Sciences received the first batch of 4 case specimens from Hubei Province for inspection, that is, they carried out pathogen identification.
(5) On January 3rd, Wuhan Municipal Health and Wellness Commission published the Bulletin on Unknown Viral Pneumonia on the official website, and found 44 cases of unexplained viral pneumonia. The National Health and Wellness Commission organized four scientific research units, including China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, to conduct parallel laboratory tests on case samples and further carry out pathogen identification. The National Health and Wellness Committee and the Hubei Provincial Health and Wellness Committee have formulated 9 documents, including "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Unknown Viral Pneumonia (Trial)". Since that day, relevant parties in China have regularly informed the World Health Organization, relevant national and regional organizations and China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of the epidemic situation in a timely and proactive manner.
（6）1月4日，中国疾控中心负责人与美国疾控中心负责人通电话，介绍疫情有关情况，双方同意就信息沟通和技术协作保持密切联系。国家卫生健康委会同湖北省卫生健康部门制定《不明原因的病毒性肺炎医疗救治工作手册》。
（7）1月5日，武汉市卫生健康委在官方网站发布《关于不明原因的病毒性肺炎情况通报》，共发现59例不明原因的病毒性肺炎病例，根据实验室检测结果，排除流感、禽流感、腺病毒、传染性非典型性肺炎和中东呼吸综合征等呼吸道病原。中国向世界卫生组织通报疫情信息。世界卫生组织首次就中国武汉出现的不明原因肺炎病例进行通报。
（8）1月6日，国家卫生健康委在全国卫生健康工作会议上通报武汉市不明原因肺炎有关情况，要求加强监测、分析和研判，及时做好疫情处置。
（9）1月7日，中共中央总书记最高领袖在主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议时，对做好不明原因肺炎疫情防控工作提出要求。
（10）1月7日，中国疾控中心成功分离新型冠状病毒毒株。
（11）1月8日，国家卫生健康委专家评估组初步确认新冠病毒为疫情病原。中美两国疾控中心负责人通电话，讨论双方技术交流合作事宜。
(12) On January 9th, the expert evaluation team of the National Health and Wellness Commission released the pathogen information of unknown viral pneumonia in Wuhan, and the pathogen was preliminarily judged as novel coronavirus. China informed the World Health Organization about the epidemic situation and shared the initial progress of pathogen identification with the World Health Organization. The World Health Organization website issued a statement on the case of cluster pneumonia in Wuhan, China, saying that it was a remarkable achievement to preliminarily identify novel coronavirus in a short time.
(13) On January 10th, China CDC, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other professional institutions initially developed a test kit, and Wuhan immediately organized the investigation of all relevant cases admitted to the hospital. The heads of the National Health and Wellness Commission and the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention talked with the heads of the World Health Organization about the response to the epidemic and exchanged relevant information.
(14) From January 11th, China reported the epidemic information to the World Health Organization every day.
(15) On January 12th, the Wuhan Municipal Health and Wellness Commission renamed "viral pneumonia of unknown cause" as "pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus" for the first time in the briefing. China CDC, China Academy of Medical Sciences and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, as designated institutions of the National Health and Wellness Commission, submitted novel coronavirus genome sequence information to the World Health Organization, published it in the Global Influenza Sharing Database (GISAID) and shared it globally. The National Health and Wellness Commission shares the genome sequence information of Covid-19 with the World Health Organization.
(16) On January 13th, when Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China presided over the plenary meeting in the State Council, he put forward requirements for epidemic prevention and control.
(17) On January 13th, the National Health and Wellness Commission held a meeting to deploy and guide Hubei Province and Wuhan City to further strengthen control measures, strengthen temperature monitoring of personnel at ports and stations, and reduce crowd gathering. A statement published on the official website of the World Health Organization on the discovery of Covid-19 cases in Thailand pointed out that China shared the results of genome sequencing, enabling more countries to diagnose patients quickly. A delegation from Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province went to Wuhan to inspect the epidemic prevention and control work.
(18) On January 14th, the National Health and Wellness Commission held a national video conference to deploy and strengthen the epidemic prevention and control work in Hubei Province and Wuhan City, and make preparations for the national epidemic prevention and response. The meeting pointed out that there is great uncertainty about the emerging infectious diseases caused by Covid-19, and the ability and mode of transmission between people still need to be further studied, and the possibility of further spread of the epidemic cannot be ruled out.
(19) On January 15th, the National Health and Wellness Commission released the first edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan and prevention and control plan for pneumonia infected in novel coronavirus.
(20) On January 16th, the optimization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic reagents was completed, and all patients in fever clinics of 69 hospitals above grade II were actively screened in Wuhan.
(21) On January 17th, the National Health and Wellness appointed seven supervision teams to guide the epidemic prevention and control.
(22) On January 18th, the National Health and Wellness Commission released the second edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan for pneumonia in novel coronavirus.
(23) From January 18th to 19th, the National Health and Wellness Commission organized a national high-level expert group on medical treatment and prevention and control to go to Wuhan for on-the-spot investigation on epidemic prevention and control. Late at night on the 19th, the high-level expert group, after careful research, made it clear that there was a human-to-human transmission phenomenon in Covid-19.
(2) The second stage: initially curbing the spread of the epidemic.
(20 January-20 February)
The number of newly confirmed cases in China has increased rapidly, and the situation of prevention and control is extremely severe. China took a key measure to block the spread of the virus, resolutely and decisively closed the passage from Han to Hubei, and the battles of defending Wuhan and Hubei started in an all-round way. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China set up a leading group to deal with the epidemic situation, and sent a central steering group to Hubei and other areas with serious epidemic situation. The State Council has successively established a joint prevention and control mechanism and a working mechanism to promote the resumption of work and production. The whole country concentrated resources and strength to help Hubei Province and Wuhan City. All localities launched emergency response to major public health emergencies. The most comprehensive, strict and thorough national epidemic prevention and control was officially launched, and the spread of the epidemic was initially contained.
（1）1月20日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示，指出要把人民生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，坚决遏制疫情蔓延势头；强调要及时发布疫情信息，深化国际合作。
（2）1月20日，国务院总理李克强主持召开国务院常务会议，进一步部署疫情防控工作，并根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》将新冠肺炎纳入乙类传染病，采取甲类传染病管理措施。
（3）1月20日，国务院联防联控机制召开电视电话会议，部署全国疫情防控工作。
（4）1月20日，国家卫生健康委组织召开记者会，高级别专家组通报新冠病毒已出现人传人现象。
（5）1月20日，国家卫生健康委发布公告，将新冠肺炎纳入传染病防治法规定的乙类传染病并采取甲类传染病的防控措施；将新冠肺炎纳入《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》规定的检疫传染病管理。国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控方案（第二版）》。
（6）1月22日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖作出重要指示，要求立即对湖北省、武汉市人员流动和对外通道实行严格封闭的交通管控。
（7）1月22日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案（试行第三版）》。国务院新闻办公室就疫情举行第一场新闻发布会，介绍疫情有关情况。国家卫生健康委收到美方通报，美国国内发现首例确诊病例。国家生物信息中心开发的2019新型冠状病毒信息库正式上线，发布全球新冠病毒基因组和变异分析信息。
（8）1月23日凌晨2时许，武汉市疫情防控指挥部发布1号通告，23日10时起机场、火车站离汉通道暂时关闭。交通运输部发出紧急通知，全国暂停进入武汉市道路水路客运班线发班。国家卫生健康委等6部门发布《关于严格预防通过交通工具传播新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的通知》。1月23日至29日，全国各省份陆续启动重大突发公共卫生事件省级一级应急响应。
（9）1月23日，中国科学院武汉病毒研究所、武汉市金银潭医院、湖北省疾病预防控制中心研究团队发现新冠病毒的全基因组序列与SARS－CoV的序列一致性有79.5%。国家微生物科学数据中心和国家病原微生物资源库共同建成“新型冠状病毒国家科技资源服务系统”，发布新冠病毒第一张电子显微镜照片和毒株信息。
（10）1月24日开始，从各地和军队调集346支国家医疗队、4.26万名医务人员和965名公共卫生人员驰援湖北省和武汉市。
（11）1月25日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，明确提出“坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策”总要求，强调坚决打赢疫情防控阻击战；指出湖北省要把疫情防控工作作为当前头等大事，采取更严格的措施，内防扩散、外防输出；强调要按照集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治“四集中”原则，将重症病例集中到综合力量强的定点医疗机构进行救治，及时收治所有确诊病人。会议决定，中共中央成立应对疫情工作领导小组，在中央政治局常务委员会领导下开展工作；中共中央向湖北等疫情严重地区派出指导组，推动有关地方全面加强防控一线工作。
（12）1月25日，国家卫生健康委发布通用、旅游、家庭、公共场所、公共交通工具、居家观察等6个公众预防指南。
（13）1月26日，中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理、中央应对疫情工作领导小组组长李克强主持召开领导小组第一次全体会议。国务院办公厅印发通知，决定延长2020年春节假期，各地大专院校、中小学、幼儿园推迟开学。国家药监局应急审批通过4家企业4个新型冠状病毒检测产品，进一步扩大新型冠状病毒核酸检测试剂供给能力。
（14）1月27日，中共中央总书记最高领袖作出指示，要求中国共产党各级组织和广大党员、干部，牢记人民利益高于一切，不忘初心、牢记使命，团结带领广大人民群众坚决贯彻落实党中央决策部署，全面贯彻“坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策”的要求，让党旗在防控疫情斗争第一线高高飘扬。
（15）1月27日，受中共中央总书记最高领袖委托，中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理、中央应对疫情工作领导小组组长李克强赴武汉市考察指导疫情防控工作，代表中共中央、国务院慰问疫情防控一线的医护人员。同日，中央指导组进驻武汉市，全面加强对一线疫情防控的指导督导。
（16）1月27日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案（试行第四版）》。国家卫生健康委负责人应约与美国卫生与公众服务部负责人通话，就当前新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作进行交流。
（17）1月28日，国家主席最高领袖在北京会见世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞时指出，疫情是魔鬼，我们不能让魔鬼藏匿；指出中国政府始终本着公开、透明、负责任的态度及时向国内外发布疫情信息，积极回应各方关切，加强与国际社会合作；强调中方愿同世界卫生组织和国际社会一道，共同维护好地区和全球的公共卫生安全。
（18）1月28日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控方案（第三版）》。
（19）1月30日，国家卫生健康委通过官方渠道告知美方，欢迎美国加入世界卫生组织联合专家组。美方当天即回复表示感谢。
（20）1月31日，世界卫生组织宣布新冠肺炎疫情构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”。国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎重症患者集中救治方案》。
（21）2月2日开始，在中央指导组指导下，武汉市部署实施确诊患者、疑似患者、发热患者、确诊患者的密切接触者“四类人员”分类集中管理，按照应收尽收、应治尽治、应检尽检、应隔尽隔“四应”要求，持续开展拉网排查、集中收治、清底排查三场攻坚战。
（22）2月2日，国家卫生健康委负责人致函美国卫生与公众服务部负责人，就双方卫生和疫情防控合作再次交换意见。
（23）2月3日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出要进一步完善和加强防控，严格落实早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗“四早”措施；强调要全力以赴救治患者，努力“提高收治率和治愈率”“降低感染率和病亡率”。
（24）2月3日，中央指导组从全国调集22支国家紧急医学救援队，在武汉市建设方舱医院。
（25）2月4日，中国疾控中心负责人应约与美国国家过敏症和传染病研究所负责人通电话，交流疫情信息。
（26）2月5日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面依法治国委员会主任最高领袖主持召开中央全面依法治国委员会第三次会议，强调要始终把人民生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，从立法、执法、司法、守法各环节发力，全面提高依法防控、依法治理能力，为疫情防控工作提供有力法治保障。
（27）2月5日，国务院联防联控机制加强协调调度，供应湖北省医用N95口罩首次实现供大于需。
（28）2月5日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染肺炎诊疗方案（试行第五版）》。
（29）2月7日，国务院联防联控机制印发《关于进一步强化责任落实做好防治工作的通知》，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染肺炎防控方案（第四版）》。
（30）2月8日，国家卫生健康委在亚太经合组织卫生工作组会议上介绍中国防疫努力和措施。国家卫生健康委向中国驻外使领馆通报新型冠状病毒防控、诊疗、监测、流行病学调查、实验室检测等方案。中美两国卫生部门负责人再次就美方专家参加中国－世界卫生组织联合专家考察组的安排进行沟通。
（31）2月10日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在北京调研指导新冠肺炎疫情防控工作，并通过视频连线武汉市收治新冠肺炎患者的金银潭医院、协和医院、火神山医院，强调要以更坚定的信心、更顽强的意志、更果断的措施，紧紧依靠人民群众，坚决打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战；指出湖北和武汉是疫情防控的重中之重，是打赢疫情防控阻击战的决胜之地，武汉胜则湖北胜，湖北胜则全国胜，要打好武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战；强调要按照集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治“四集中”原则，全力做好救治工作；强调要坚决抓好“外防输入、内防扩散”两大环节，尽最大可能切断传染源，尽最大可能控制疫情波及范围。
（32）2月10日，建立省际对口支援湖北省除武汉市以外地市新冠肺炎医疗救治工作机制，统筹安排19个省份对口支援湖北省武汉市以外16个市州及县级市。
（33）2月11日，国务院联防联控机制加强协调调度，供应湖北省医用防护服首次实现供大于求。
（34）2月11日，中国疾控中心专家应约与美国疾控中心流感部门专家召开电话会议，沟通和分享疫情防控信息。
（35）2月12日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出疫情防控工作到了最吃劲的关键阶段，要毫不放松做好疫情防控重点工作，加强疫情特别严重或风险较大的地区防控；强调要围绕“提高收治率和治愈率”“降低感染率和病亡率”，抓好疫情防控重点环节；强调要全面增强收治能力，坚决做到“应收尽收、应治尽治”，提高收治率；强调要提高患者特别是重症患者救治水平，集中优势医疗资源和技术力量救治患者；强调人口流入大省大市要按照“联防联控、群防群控”要求，切实做好防控工作。
（36）2月13日，美国卫生与公众服务部相关负责人致函中国国家卫生健康委负责人，沟通双方卫生和疫情防控合作等有关安排。
（37）2月14日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面深化改革委员会主任最高领袖主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第十二次会议，指出确保人民生命安全和身体健康，是中国共产党治国理政的一项重大任务；强调既要立足当前，科学精准打赢疫情防控阻击战，更要放眼长远，总结经验、吸取教训，针对这次疫情暴露出来的短板和不足，抓紧补短板、堵漏洞、强弱项，完善重大疫情防控体制机制，健全国家公共卫生应急管理体系。
（38）2月14日，全国除湖北省以外其他省份新增确诊病例数实现“十连降”。
（39）2月15日，国务院新闻办公室首次在湖北省武汉市举行疫情防控新闻发布会。至2月15日，已有7个诊断检测试剂获批上市，部分药物筛选与治疗方案、疫苗研发、动物模型构建等取得阶段性进展。
（40）2月16日开始，由中国、德国、日本、韩国、尼日利亚、俄罗斯、新加坡、美国和世界卫生组织25名专家组成的中国－世界卫生组织联合专家考察组，利用9天时间，对北京、成都、广州、深圳和武汉等地进行实地考察调研。
（41）2月17日，国务院联防联控机制印发《关于科学防治精准施策分区分级做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的指导意见》，部署各地区各部门做好分区分级精准防控，有序恢复生产生活秩序。
（42）2月18日，全国新增治愈出院病例数超过新增确诊病例数，确诊病例数开始下降。中国国家卫生健康委复函美国卫生与公众服务部，就双方卫生与疫情合作有关安排进一步沟通。
（43）2月19日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，听取疫情防控工作汇报，研究统筹做好疫情防控和经济社会发展工作。
（44）2月19日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第六版）》。
（45）2月19日，武汉市新增治愈出院病例数首次大于新增确诊病例数。
（三）第三阶段：本土新增病例数逐步下降至个位数
（2月21日至3月17日）
湖北省和武汉市疫情快速上升势头均得到遏制，全国除湖北省以外疫情形势总体平稳，3月中旬每日新增病例控制在个位数以内，疫情防控取得阶段性重要成效。根据疫情防控形势发展，中共中央作出统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展、有序复工复产重大决策。
（1）2月21日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局会议，指出疫情防控工作取得阶段性成效，同时，全国疫情发展拐点尚未到来，湖北省和武汉市防控形势依然严峻复杂；强调要针对不同区域情况，完善差异化防控策略，坚决打好湖北保卫战、武汉保卫战，加强力量薄弱地区防控，全力做好北京疫情防控工作；强调要建立与疫情防控相适应的经济社会运行秩序，有序推动复工复产。
（2）2月21日，国务院联防联控机制印发《企事业单位复工复产疫情防控措施指南》，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案（第五版）》。
（3）2月21日起，各地因地制宜，陆续调低省级重大突发公共卫生事件响应级别，逐步取消通行限制。至2月24日，除湖北省、北京市外，其他省份主干公路卡点全部打通，运输秩序逐步恢复。
（4）2月23日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖出席统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议，通过视频直接面向全国17万名干部进行动员部署，指出新冠肺炎疫情是新中国成立以来在我国发生的传播速度最快、感染范围最广、防控难度最大的一次重大突发公共卫生事件，这是一次危机，也是一次大考，经过艰苦努力，疫情防控形势积极向好的态势正在拓展；强调疫情形势依然严峻复杂，防控正处在最吃劲的关键阶段，要坚定必胜信念，咬紧牙关，继续毫不放松抓紧抓实抓细各项防控工作；强调要变压力为动力、善于化危为机，有序恢复生产生活秩序，强化“六稳”举措，加大政策调节力度，把发展巨大潜力和强大动能充分释放出来，努力实现今年经济社会发展目标任务。
（5）2月24日，中国－世界卫生组织联合专家考察组在北京举行新闻发布会，认为中国在减缓疫情扩散蔓延、阻断病毒人际传播方面取得明显效果，已经避免或至少推迟了数十万人感染新冠肺炎。至2月24日，全国新增确诊病例数已连续5天在1000例以下，现有确诊病例数近一周以来呈现下降趋势，所有省份新增出院病例数均大于或等于新增确诊病例数。
（6）2月25日起，全面加强出入境卫生检疫工作，对出入境人员严格健康核验、体温监测、医学巡查、流行病学调查、医学排查、采样监测，防止疫情跨境传播。
（7）2月26日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出全国疫情防控形势积极向好的态势正在拓展，经济社会发展加快恢复，同时湖北省和武汉市疫情形势依然复杂严峻，其他有关地区疫情反弹风险不可忽视；强调要继续集中力量和资源，全面加强湖北省和武汉市疫情防控；强调要准确分析把握疫情和经济社会发展形势，紧紧抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，确保打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战，努力实现决胜全面建成小康社会、决战脱贫攻坚目标任务。
（8）2月27日，全国除湖北省以外其他省份，湖北省除武汉市以外其他地市，新增确诊病例数首次双双降至个位数。
（9）2月28日，国务院联防联控机制印发《关于进一步落实分区分级差异化防控策略的通知》。
（10）2月29日，中国－世界卫生组织新型冠状病毒肺炎联合考察报告发布。报告认为，面对前所未知的病毒，中国采取了历史上最勇敢、最灵活、最积极的防控措施，尽可能迅速地遏制病毒传播；令人瞩目的是，在所考察的每一个机构都能够强有力地落实防控措施；面对共同威胁时，中国人民凝聚共识、团结行动，才使防控措施得以全面有效的实施；每个省、每个城市在社区层面都团结一致，帮助和支持脆弱人群及社区。
（11）3月2日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在北京考察新冠肺炎防控科研攻关工作，强调要把新冠肺炎防控科研攻关作为一项重大而紧迫任务，在坚持科学性、确保安全性的基础上加快研发进度，为打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战提供强大科技支撑；指出尽最大努力挽救更多患者生命是当务之急、重中之重，要加强药物、医疗装备研发和临床救治相结合，切实提高治愈率、降低病亡率；强调要加快推进已有的多种技术路线疫苗研发，争取早日推动疫苗的临床试验和上市使用；指出要把生物安全作为国家总体安全的重要组成部分，加强疫病防控和公共卫生科研攻关体系和能力建设。
（12）3月3日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第七版）》，在传播途径、临床表现、诊断标准等多个方面作出修改和完善，强调加强中西医结合。
（13）3月4日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出要加快建立同疫情防控相适应的经济社会运行秩序，完善相关举措，巩固和拓展来之不易的良好势头；强调要持续用力加强湖北省和武汉市疫情防控工作，继续保持“内防扩散、外防输出”的防控策略。
（14）3月6日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖出席决战决胜脱贫攻坚座谈会，指出到2020年现行标准下的农村贫困人口全部脱贫，是中共中央向全国人民作出的郑重承诺，必须如期实现；强调要以更大决心、更强力度推进脱贫攻坚，坚决克服新冠肺炎疫情影响，坚决夺取脱贫攻坚战全面胜利，坚决完成这项对中华民族、对人类都具有重大意义的伟业。
（15）3月6日，全国新增本土确诊病例数降至100例以下，11日降至个位数。
（16）3月7日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案（第六版）》。
（17）3月10日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖赴湖北省武汉市考察疫情防控工作，指出经过艰苦努力，湖北和武汉疫情防控形势发生积极向好变化，取得阶段性重要成果，但疫情防控任务依然艰巨繁重，要慎终如始、再接再厉、善作善成，坚决打赢湖北保卫战、武汉保卫战；指出武汉人民识大体、顾大局，不畏艰险、顽强不屈，自觉服从疫情防控大局需要，主动投身疫情防控斗争，作出了重大贡献；指出抗击疫情有两个阵地，一个是医院救死扶伤阵地，一个是社区防控阵地，要充分发挥社区在疫情防控中的重要作用，使所有社区成为疫情防控的坚强堡垒；强调打赢疫情防控人民战争要紧紧依靠人民，把群众发动起来，构筑起群防群控的人民防线。
（18）3月11日，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞表示，新冠肺炎疫情已具有大流行特征。
（19）3月11日至17日，全国每日新增本土确诊病例数维持在个位数。总体上，中国本轮疫情流行高峰已经过去，新增发病数持续下降，疫情总体保持在较低水平。
（20）3月17日，首批42支国家援鄂医疗队撤离武汉。
（四）第四阶段：取得武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战决定性成果
（3月18日至4月28日）
以武汉市为主战场的全国本土疫情传播基本阻断，离汉离鄂通道管控措施解除，武汉市在院新冠肺炎患者清零，武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战取得决定性成果，全国疫情防控阻击战取得重大战略成果。境内疫情零星散发，境外疫情快速扩散蔓延，境外输入病例造成关联病例传播。中共中央把握疫情形势发展变化，确定了“外防输入、内防反弹”的防控策略，巩固深化国内疫情防控成效，及时处置聚集性疫情，分类推动复工复产，关心关爱境外中国公民。
（1）3月18日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，强调要落实外防输入重点任务，完善应对输入性风险的防控策略和政策举措，决不能让来之不易的疫情防控持续向好形势发生逆转；指出要加强对境外中国公民疫情防控的指导和支持，保护他们的生命安全和身体健康。
（2）3月18日，国务院办公厅印发《关于应对新冠肺炎疫情影响强化稳就业举措的实施意见》。
（3）3月18日，全国新增本土确诊病例首次实现零报告。至19日，湖北省以外省份连续7日无新增本土确诊病例。
（4）3月25日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，听取疫情防控工作和当前经济形势的汇报，研究当前疫情防控和经济工作。
（5）3月25日起，湖北省有序解除离鄂通道管控措施，撤除除武汉市以外地区所有通道（市际、省界通道）检疫站点。湖北省除武汉市以外地区逐步恢复正常生产生活秩序，离鄂人员凭湖北健康码“绿码”安全有序流动。
（6）3月25日，23个省份报告了境外输入确诊病例，防止疫情扩散压力依然很大。
（7）3月26日，国家主席最高领袖出席二十国集团领导人特别峰会，发表题为《携手抗疫 共克时艰》的讲话。
（8）3月27日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局会议，指出要因应国内外疫情防控新形势，及时完善疫情防控策略和应对举措，把重点放在“外防输入、内防反弹”上来，保持疫情防控形势持续向好态势；强调要在疫情防控常态化条件下加快恢复生产生活秩序，力争把疫情造成的损失降到最低限度，努力完成全年经济社会发展目标任务；强调要在做好疫情防控的前提下，支持湖北有序复工复产，做好援企、稳岗、促就业、保民生等工作。
（9）3月29日至4月1日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖前往浙江，就统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作进行调研，指出要把严防境外疫情输入作为当前乃至较长一段时间疫情防控的重中之重，增强防控措施的针对性和实效性，筑起应对境外疫情输入风险的坚固防线；强调要准确识变、科学应变、主动求变，善于从眼前的危机、眼前的困难中捕捉和创造机遇；强调要在严格做好疫情防控工作的前提下，有力有序推动复工复产提速扩面，积极破解复工复产中的难点、堵点，推动全产业链联动复工。
（10）4月1日，中国海关在所有航空、水运、陆路口岸对全部入境人员实施核酸检测。
（11）4月4日清明节，举行全国性哀悼活动，全国各地各族人民深切悼念抗击新冠肺炎疫情斗争牺牲烈士和逝世同胞。
（12）4月6日，国务院联防联控机制印发《关于进一步做好重点场所重点单位重点人群新冠肺炎疫情防控相关工作的通知》和《新冠病毒无症状感染者管理规范》。
（13）4月7日，中央应对疫情工作领导小组印发《关于在有效防控疫情的同时积极有序推进复工复产的指导意见》，国务院联防联控机制印发《全国不同风险地区企事业单位复工复产疫情防控措施指南》。各地做好复工复产相关疫情防控，分区分级恢复生产秩序。
（14）4月8日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出要坚持底线思维，做好较长时间应对外部环境变化的思想准备和工作准备；强调“外防输入、内防反弹”防控工作决不能放松；强调要抓好无症状感染者精准防控，把疫情防控网扎得更密更牢，堵住所有可能导致疫情反弹的漏洞；强调要加强陆海口岸疫情防控，最大限度减少境外输入关联本地病例。
（15）4月8日起，武汉市解除持续76天的离汉离鄂通道管控措施，有序恢复对外交通，逐步恢复正常生产生活秩序。
（16）4月10日，湖北省在院治疗的重症、危重症患者首次降至两位数。
（17）4月14日，国务院总理李克强在北京出席东盟与中日韩（10+3）抗击新冠肺炎疫情领导人特别会议并发表讲话，介绍中国统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展的经验，提出全力加强防控合作、努力恢复经济发展、着力密切政策协调等合作倡议。
（18）4月15日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，听取疫情防控工作和当前经济形势汇报，研究疫情防控和经济工作。
（19）4月17日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局会议，强调要抓紧抓实抓细常态化疫情防控，因时因势完善“外防输入、内防反弹”各项措施并切实抓好落实，不断巩固疫情持续向好形势；强调要坚持稳中求进工作总基调，在稳的基础上积极进取，在常态化疫情防控中全面推进复工复产达产，恢复正常经济社会秩序，培育壮大新的增长点增长极，牢牢把握发展主动权。
（20）4月17日，武汉市新冠肺炎疫情防控指挥部发布《关于武汉市新冠肺炎确诊病例数确诊病例死亡数订正情况的通报》，对确诊和死亡病例数进行订正。截至4月16日24时，确诊病例核增325例，累计确诊病例数订正为50333例；确诊病例的死亡病例核增1290例，累计确诊病例的死亡数订正为3869例。
（21）4月20日至23日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在陕西考察，指出要坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持新发展理念，扎实做好稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期工作，全面落实保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转任务，努力克服新冠肺炎疫情带来的不利影响，确保完成决战决胜脱贫攻坚目标任务，全面建成小康社会。
（22）4月23日，国务院总理李克强主持召开部分省市经济形势视频座谈会，推动做好当前经济社会发展工作。
（23）4月26日，武汉市所有新冠肺炎住院病例清零。
（24）4月27日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面深化改革委员会主任最高领袖主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第十三次会议，强调中国疫情防控和复工复产之所以能够有力推进，根本原因是中国共产党的领导和中国社会主义制度的优势发挥了无可比拟的重要作用；强调发展环境越是严峻复杂，越要坚定不移深化改革，健全各方面制度，完善治理体系，促进制度建设和治理效能更好转化融合，善于运用制度优势应对风险挑战冲击。
（25）4月27日，经中共中央总书记最高领袖和中共中央批准，中央指导组离鄂返京。
（五）第五阶段：全国疫情防控进入常态化
（4月29日以来）
境内疫情总体呈零星散发状态，局部地区出现散发病例引起的聚集性疫情，境外输入病例基本得到控制，疫情积极向好态势持续巩固，全国疫情防控进入常态化。加大力度推进复工复产复学，常态化防控措施经受“五一”假期考验。经中共中央批准，国务院联防联控机制派出联络组，继续加强湖北省疫情防控。
（1）4月29日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出经过艰苦卓绝的努力，湖北保卫战、武汉保卫战取得决定性成果，全国疫情防控阻击战取得重大战略成果；强调要抓好重点地区、重点群体疫情防控工作，有针对性加强输入性风险防控工作。
（2）4月30日，京津冀地区突发公共卫生事件应急响应级别由一级响应调整为二级响应。
（3）5月1日，世界卫生组织宣布，鉴于当前国际疫情形势，新冠肺炎疫情仍然构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”。
（4）5月2日，湖北省突发公共卫生事件应急响应级别由一级响应调整为二级响应。
（5）5月4日，经中共中央批准，国务院联防联控机制设立联络组，赴湖北省武汉市开展工作。
（6）5月6日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出在党中央坚强领导和全国各族人民大力支持下，中央指导组同湖北人民和武汉人民并肩作战，下最大气力控制疫情流行，努力守住全国疫情防控第一道防线，为打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战作出了重要贡献；指出中共中央决定继续派出联络组，加强对湖北省和武汉市疫情防控后续工作指导支持，继续指导做好治愈患者康复和心理疏导工作，巩固疫情防控成果，决不能前功尽弃。
（7）5月7日，国务院联防联控机制印发《关于做好新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控工作的指导意见》。
（8）5月8日，中共中央召开党外人士座谈会，就新冠肺炎疫情防控工作听取各民主党派中央、全国工商联和无党派人士代表的意见和建议，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持座谈会并发表重要讲话，强调面对突如其来的疫情，中共中央高度重视，坚持把人民生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，果断采取一系列防控和救治举措，用一个多月的时间初步遏制了疫情蔓延势头，用两个月左右的时间将本土每日新增病例控制在个位数以内，用3个月左右的时间取得了武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战的决定性成果；指出对一个拥有14亿人口的大国来说，这样的成绩来之不易。
（9）5月11日至12日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖赴山西，就统筹推进常态化疫情防控和经济社会发展工作、巩固脱贫攻坚成果进行调研，强调要坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持新发展理念，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，扎实做好“六稳”工作，全面落实“六保”任务，努力克服新冠肺炎疫情带来的不利影响，在高质量转型发展上迈出更大步伐，确保完成决战决胜脱贫攻坚目标任务，全面建成小康社会。
（10）5月14日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出要加强重点地区、重点场所内防反弹工作，近期发生聚集性疫情的地区要有针对性加强防控措施；强调要针对境外疫情的新情况新趋势，采取更加灵活管用的措施，强化外防输入重点领域和薄弱环节。
（11）5月15日，中共中央总书记最高领袖主持召开中共中央政治局会议，讨论国务院拟提请第十三届全国人民代表大会第三次会议审议的《政府工作报告》稿，指出做好今年工作，要紧扣全面建成小康社会目标任务，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展工作，在常态化疫情防控前提下，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持新发展理念，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，坚持以改革开放为动力推动高质量发展，坚决打好三大攻坚战，扎实做好“六稳”工作，全面落实“六保”任务，坚定实施扩大内需战略，维护经济发展和社会稳定大局，确保完成决战决胜脱贫攻坚目标任务，全面建成小康社会。
(12) On May 18th, the Supreme Leader of president delivered a speech entitled "Unite and cooperate to overcome the epidemic and jointly build a healthy community of human beings" at the opening ceremony of the video conference of the 73rd World Health Assembly.
(13) From May 21st to 27th, the Third Session of the 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference was held in Beijing. From May 22nd to 28th, the Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress was held in Beijing.
Two, prevention and treatment of the two battlefields to cooperate.
In the face of sudden epidemic, China put people’s life safety and physical health first, coordinated epidemic prevention and control and medical treatment, adopted the most comprehensive, strict and thorough prevention and control measures, adopted unprecedented large-scale isolation measures, and mobilized national resources to carry out large-scale medical treatment as never before, without missing an infected person or giving up every patient, thus realizing "all due, all treated, all checked and separated" and curbing the epidemic. "By fully implementing (China) these measures, we can buy some time, even if it is only a few days or weeks, but it is invaluable to eventually reduce the number of infected people and deaths in COVID-19."
(A) the establishment of a unified and efficient command system
Under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with the Supreme Leader as the core, a command system with unified central command, unified coordination and unified dispatch, with all localities and parties taking their own responsibilities and coordinating with each other, centralized and unified, coordinated from top to bottom, and efficient operation has been established, which has provided a strong guarantee for winning the people’s war, overall war and blocking war in epidemic prevention and control.
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally commanded and personally deployed. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attached great importance to epidemic prevention and control, strengthened centralized and unified leadership in an all-round way, emphasized putting people’s life safety and physical health first, put forward the general requirements of "strengthening confidence, helping each other in the same boat, scientific prevention and control, and precise policy", and clearly and resolutely won the people’s war, overall war and blocking war for epidemic prevention and control. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over 14 meetings in The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), 4 meetings in Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, and meetings of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Governing the Country according to Law, the Central Cyber Security and Informatization Committee, the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, the Central Foreign Affairs Working Committee, and the symposium of non-party people, and listened to the reports of the Central Leading Group for Response to the Epidemic and the Central Steering Group, adjusted the prevention and control strategies according to the situation, and made comprehensive arrangements for strengthening the prevention and control of the epidemic and carrying out international cooperation; Investigate community prevention and control, scientific research on epidemic prevention in Beijing, visit Wuhan for inspection and guidance, and go to Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Shanxi to make an investigation and study on promoting the prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation and economic and social development, and consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation; Always pay attention to the epidemic situation and the progress of prevention and control, and make timely decisions and arrangements.
Strengthen overall coordination and synergy. The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), Premier the State Council of the Communist Party of China, and Li Keqiang, leader of the Central Leading Group for Response to the Epidemic, presided over more than 30 leading group meetings to study and deploy major issues and important work in epidemic prevention and control and promote economic and social development as a whole, and went to Beijing, Wuhan and other places, China CDC, Institute of Pathogenic Biology of China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing West Railway Station, Capital Airport and platforms for ensuring and dispatching national key medical materials for epidemic prevention and control. The Central Steering Group instructed Hubei Province and Wuhan City to strengthen the prevention and control work, and carried out the work in a state of fighting against time, which effectively controlled the epidemic and held the first line of defense. The State Council’s joint prevention and control mechanism plays a coordinating role, holding regular meetings to track, analyze and judge the epidemic situation, strengthening the dispatch of medical personnel and medical materials, and adjusting prevention and control strategies and key tasks accordingly according to the development and changes of the epidemic situation. The State Council promotes the working mechanism of resumption of work and production, strengthens the overall guidance and coordination services of resumption of work and production, opens up the blocking points of industrial chain and supply chain, and enhances the kinetic energy of collaborative resumption of work and production.
All localities and aspects have the responsibility to defend the soil and do their duty. All provinces, cities and counties in China have established an emergency command mechanism headed by the main leaders of the party and government, and built an emergency decision-making command system with unified command, front-line guidance and overall coordination from top to bottom. Under the unified leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, all localities and parties resolutely implemented the central decision-making and deployment, and strictly and efficiently implemented various prevention and control measures, thus forming an epidemic prevention and control situation that is fully mobilized, fully deployed and comprehensively strengthened, horizontally and vertically.
(2) Building a strict prevention and control system with the participation of the whole people
In view of the characteristics of dense personnel and great mobility during the Spring Festival, China quickly mobilized the whole people, adhered to legal, scientific and accurate prevention and control, and implemented an unprecedented large-scale public health response nationwide. Through unconventional social isolation and flexible and humanized social control measures, it established a joint prevention and control system, mass prevention and control, launched a people’s war against the epidemic, and effectively blocked the virus transmission chain through non-drug means.
Take effective measures to resolutely control the source of infection. Focusing on the "four categories of people" such as confirmed patients, suspected patients, fever patients and close contacts of confirmed patients, we will implement the prevention and control policies of "early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment" and "all receivables should be collected, all treatments should be cured, all inspections should be carried out, and all intervals should be separated" to minimize the infection rate. During the period of closing the exit from Han Dynasty, Wuhan concentrated on two rounds of dragnet investigation for 4.21 million residents in the city, and realized "stock clearing" with the standard of "no one left, no one left" to ensure that no new potential sources of infection occurred. Continuously improve the ability of nucleic acid detection, enhance the supply capacity of kits, expand the detection mechanism, shorten the detection period, ensure the detection quality, and realize the "check as soon as possible" and "check as soon as it is received". The detection cycle in Hubei Province has been shortened from 2 days to 4-6 hours, and the daily detection volume has increased from 300 in the early stage of the epidemic to more than 50,000 in mid-April, shortening the time for patients to be diagnosed and reducing the risk of transmission. Investigate the "four types of personnel" nationwide, and take the community grid as the basic unit to carry out carpet investigation by combining door-to-door investigation with self-examination and self-reporting. We will comprehensively carry out temperature screening in various places, strengthen the case monitoring of fever clinics in medical institutions and direct reporting of infectious diseases on the Internet, implement direct reporting on the Internet for 2 hours, feed back the test results for 12 hours, complete the on-site epidemiological investigation within 24 hours, and timely find and report confirmed cases and asymptomatic infected people. Strengthen epidemiological follow-up investigation, accurately track and cut off the transmission route of the virus. As of May 31, the country has tracked and managed more than 740,000 close contacts.
Cut off the virus transmission chain at the first time. The most stringent closure and traffic control shall be implemented for the external passages of Hubei Province and Wuhan City, and the operation of international passenger flights, multi-site ferries, long-distance passenger transport, airports and railway stations in Wuhan and Hubei Province shall be suspended, and the national passenger transport routes on roads and waterways entering Han Province shall be suspended, and public transport in Wuhan and Hubei Province shall be suspended in many places to stop the epidemic from spreading to the whole country and rural areas with weak health infrastructure in Hubei Province. Differentiated traffic control should be implemented outside Hubei, and the surrounding provinces of Hubei Province should build a "isolation belt" for traffic control around Hubei Province to prevent the spread of the epidemic in Hubei Province. In other parts of the country, accurate prevention and control by zoning and grading are implemented, urban and rural road transport services are dynamically controlled, and domestic traffic health and quarantine are strengthened. Take effective measures to avoid people gathering and cross-infection, extend the Spring Festival holiday, cancel or postpone all kinds of people gathering activities, and postpone the opening of schools in an orderly manner; Close cinemas, theaters, Internet cafes and gyms; For stations, airports, docks, farmers’ markets, shopping malls, supermarkets, restaurants, hotels, hotels and other public service places that need to be opened, as well as closed vehicles such as cars, trains and planes, measures such as environmental sanitation, disinfection, ventilation, "entry and exit inspection" and flow restriction shall be implemented, and visitors must take their temperature and wear masks; Carry out online government service and appointment service, promote "no meeting" services such as contactless express delivery, encourage people to work remotely at home and in enterprises, and effectively reduce the flow and gathering of people; Set up a "one-meter line" in public places with obvious signs to avoid close contact.Strict entry-exit health quarantine is implemented at ports across the country to prevent the epidemic from spreading through ports. Implement the strictest border control and cancel non-urgent and non-essential activities of going abroad.
Firmly hold the basic defense line of the community. Urban and rural communities are the front line of joint prevention and control of epidemic situation, and the key defense line for external defense input and internal defense against proliferation. Give full play to the main role of grassroots, strengthen mass autonomy, implement closed and grid management of communities, sink the prevention and control forces, resources and measures to communities, set up a full-time and part-time work team, give full play to the role of street (township) and community (village) cadres, medical staff and family doctors in grassroots medical and health institutions, and build communities and villages into strict and safe "anti-epidemic fortresses" to effectively implement prevention and control at the terminal and terminal. According to the principle of "tracking people, registering, community management, home observation, standardized operation and abnormal medical treatment", we will effectively manage key groups according to law, and carry out active tracking, personnel management, environmental improvement and health education. Wuhan fully implements the 24-hour closed management of the community, and it is forbidden to enter and leave except for medical treatment and epidemic prevention-related activities, and the community bears the living security of residents. In other places, closed management is generally implemented in urban communities and rural villages, and personnel check and register and take temperature. Strengthen the personal protection of residents, extensively carry out social propaganda, strengthen the awareness of individual responsibility, consciously implement the prevention and control requirements such as home isolation and isolation for 14 days after cross-regional travel, strictly implement protective measures such as wearing masks when going out, keeping social distance, reducing gathering, and develop good living habits such as frequent hand washing and frequent ventilation. Vigorously carry out patriotic health campaigns and advocate a civilized, healthy and green lifestyle.
Implement classification, classification and dynamic and accurate prevention and control. Nationwide, the strategy of precise policy prevention and control is implemented by zoning and grading. Based on the comprehensive judgment of population and incidence, the risk levels of low, medium and high epidemic situations are divided, differentiated prevention and control are implemented by zoning and grading, and the list is dynamically adjusted in time according to the epidemic situation, and corresponding prevention and control measures are taken. Strictly guard against input in low-risk areas and fully restore production and living order; Prevent import from outside and proliferation from inside the middle risk area, and fully restore the production and living order as soon as possible; Non-proliferation, external defense and export in high-risk areas, strict control, and focus on epidemic prevention and control. After the local epidemic situation is stable, we will speed up the restoration of production and living order under the condition of normalization of epidemic prevention and control, and improve the normalization prevention and control mechanism of timely detection, rapid disposal, precise control and effective treatment. Do our best to prevent and control the epidemic situation in Beijing and ensure the safety of the capital. We will do a good job in the prevention, control and disposal of concentrated epidemic situations in key places, key units and key populations, strengthen the health management of key populations such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, students and medical personnel, and strengthen the control of medical institutions, communities, offices, supermarkets, passenger stations, transportation tools, kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, colleges and universities, pension institutions, welfare homes, mental health medical institutions, rescue stations and other special places to cover the whole population. In view of the imported epidemic situation, we will strictly implement frontier health and quarantine measures, strengthen the whole chain and closed-loop management from the "national gate" to the "domestic gate", and continue to pay close attention to the work of external prevention and internal prevention.
Provide a strong rule of law guarantee for epidemic prevention and control. According to the law, the new coronary pneumonia should be included in the Class B infectious diseases stipulated in the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, and the prevention and control measures of Class A infectious diseases should be taken, and it should be included in the management of quarantine infectious diseases stipulated in the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Frontier Health and Quarantine, and at the same time, the international and domestic laws should be well connected. Some local people’s congress standing committees have enacted emergency legislation, authorizing local governments to stipulate temporary emergency administrative measures in medical and health care and epidemic prevention management under the framework of national laws and regulations. Strictly implement laws and regulations such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and its implementation methods, issue opinions on preventing and controlling epidemic situations according to law, punishing illegal crimes according to law, and ensuring people’s health and safety, strengthen public security management and market supervision, punish illegal and criminal acts that undermine epidemic prevention and control, such as price gouging, hoarding, making and selling fakes, strengthen quality and price supervision of epidemic prevention materials, and intensify efforts to crack down on false and illegal advertisements to ensure social stability and order. Strengthen the supervision of administrative law enforcement during the epidemic prevention and control period, strictly regulate law enforcement, enforce the law fairly and civilly, resolve legal disputes related to the epidemic according to law, and provide legal guarantee and services for the epidemic prevention and control and enterprises to resume work and production. Strengthen the publicity of popularizing the law and guide the public to act according to law.
Follow scientific laws to carry out prevention and control. Covid-19 is a new virus, and it needs a process to understand it. Actively learn from past experience, closely combine with China’s national conditions, follow epidemiological laws, explore effective methods and means, and solve the problem of epidemic prevention and control with China method. Pay attention to the role of experts in virology, epidemiology, clinical medicine and other fields, conduct timely analysis and judgment of epidemic situation, put forward suggestions on prevention and control strategies, fully respect expert opinions, and enhance the scientific and professional nature of epidemic prevention and control. Adhere to the scientific attitude, strengthen the research on virus infection, pathogenic mechanism, transmission route and transmission ability, and maintain communication with the World Health Organization and other countries and regions. With the deepening of the understanding of the virus, timely adjust and optimize the work measures to continuously improve the level of prevention and control. According to the change of epidemic situation and the evaluation results, six versions of COVID-19 prevention and control plan have been made and revised, and the work of case monitoring, epidemiological investigation, management of suspicious exposed persons and close contacts, and laboratory testing have been scientifically standardized. For key populations, key places and key units, 15 prevention and control technical plans and 6 psychological counseling work plans were issued, and 50 prevention and control technical guides were refined to further improve the scientific accuracy of epidemic prevention and control.
(three) to rescue patients and save lives.
Medical treatment always aims at improving the admission rate and cure rate, reducing the infection rate and death rate, adhering to the principle of concentrating patients, experts, resources and treatment, adhering to the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, and implementing classified treatment and hierarchical management. For critically ill patients, mobilize the best doctors, the most advanced equipment and the most urgently needed resources, and treat them at all costs to greatly reduce the death rate; Early intervention for mild patients can be cured as early as possible, and the rate of weight transfer can be greatly reduced.
Concentrate superior resources and strengthen severe treatment. The sudden outbreak led to a run on medical resources in Wuhan. In view of the prominent contradiction between the surge in the number of patients in the early stage of the epidemic and the shortage of bed resources, we concentrated resources and strength to build and expand designated hospitals for severe diseases and treatment beds in Wuhan, and concentrated all critically ill patients in general hospitals with the strongest comprehensive strength and the conditions for treating respiratory infectious diseases. Two specialized hospitals for infectious diseases, Volcano Mountain and Raytheon Mountain, each with a capacity of more than 1,000 beds, were built, and a number of designated hospitals and general hospitals were rebuilt, so that the number of critically ill beds increased rapidly from about 1,000 to more than 9,100, which solved the problem of large-scale treatment of critically ill patients. Optimize the strategy of severe treatment and formulate individualized medical treatment plan. Establish an expert inspection system, and regularly organize expert teams to inspect the treatment of critically ill patients in designated hospitals in Wuhan to evaluate the patient’s condition and treatment plan. In view of the fact that more than 80% of critically ill patients are complicated with serious basic diseases, we have implemented "one person, one policy", established a multi-disciplinary consultation system for infection, respiration, severe illness, heart and kidney, formulated nursing standards for severe and critical illness, and introduced measures such as high-flow oxygen inhalation, noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and prone position ventilation. Strictly implement the core system of medical quality and safety, such as consultation system for difficult and critically ill patients and discussion system for death cases, strengthen the health monitoring of cured and discharged patients, and ensure the quality of treatment for critically ill patients. Carry out plasma collection and clinical treatment of recovered patients in convalescence, and establish an emergency reserve bank. As of May 31,A total of 2765 convalescent plasma were collected in China, and 1689 patients received convalescent plasma treatment, which achieved good therapeutic effect.
Early intervention and treatment for mild patients. Treat mild patients in time, implement medical intervention as soon as possible, and try to reduce the conversion from mild to severe. To improve the clinical treatment system, more than 10,000 designated hospitals have been designated nationwide to provide centralized treatment for COVID-19 patients. Establish a national medical treatment cooperation network and provide technical support through remote consultation. In view of the rapid increase in the number of patients and the fact that about 80% of them are mild diseases, Wuhan City has concentrated its efforts on transforming a number of stadiums, exhibition centers, etc. into 16 square cabin hospitals with more than 14,000 beds, so that all patients with mild diseases should be treated, reducing the spread of community infections and reducing the transformation from mild diseases to severe diseases. Sixteen shelter hospitals have treated more than 12,000 patients, cured and discharged more than 8,000 people and transferred more than 3,500 people, achieving "zero infection, zero death and zero return". Shelter hospital is a major innovation to stop major infectious diseases, making "all due" and "beds and others" a reality and effectively reversing the prevention and control situation. According to the editorial of The Lancet, the shelter hospital built in China plays a vital role in relieving the enormous pressure on the medical and health system.
Timely summarize and promote effective diagnosis and treatment programs. Adhere to practice, research, exploration, summary and improvement, and incorporate effective diagnosis and treatment technology and scientific and technological research results into the diagnosis and treatment plan on the basis of scientific cognition and evidence accumulation. COVID-19’s 7-edition diagnosis and treatment plan, 3-edition diagnosis and treatment plan for severe and critical cases, 2-edition light and ordinary management standard, 2-edition plasma treatment plan for convalescent patients, and 1-edition rehabilitation treatment plan for discharged patients in COVID-19 have been compiled and revised successively, which has improved the scientific and normative medical treatment work. The latest 7th edition of COVID-19’s diagnosis and treatment plan has added pathological changes, supplemented and adjusted clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, treatment methods and discharge standards, and incorporated new findings such as asymptomatic infected persons may be infectious, and plasma treatment for recovered patients in convalescence. At present, the 7th edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan has been used for reference by many countries. Strengthen the isolation management and health monitoring of discharged patients, strengthen the follow-up and re-examination and rehabilitation, and realize the all-round medical service integrating treatment, rehabilitation and health monitoring. Pay attention to the differential diagnosis and treatment strategies of pregnant women, children and other patients, and realize the full coverage of diagnosis and treatment programs for different groups of people.
Give full play to the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine. Adhere to the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, give full play to the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing diseases, treating diseases based on syndrome differentiation and multi-target intervention, participate in the whole process of epidemic prevention and control, study and determine the cause, disease base and treatment method from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, and form the norms and technical schemes of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment covering the whole process of medical observation, light, common, heavy, critical and recovery period, which are fully promoted and used nationwide. Chinese medicine hospitals and Chinese medicine teams participated in the treatment. Chinese medicine medical teams took over several critical wards and shelter hospitals in designated hospitals, and other shelter hospitals stationed Chinese medicine experts. Early intervention of traditional Chinese medicine, full participation and classified treatment, early intervention and early use of traditional Chinese medicine for mild patients; Combine traditional Chinese and western medicine for severe and critically ill patients; Take traditional Chinese medicine to improve immunity for patients with fever and close contacts under medical observation; We will implement a rehabilitation program of traditional Chinese medicine for discharged patients, establish a nationwide rehabilitation cooperation network in COVID-19, and provide rehabilitation guidance. The proportion of Chinese medicine participating in the treatment of confirmed cases reached 92%. The utilization rate and total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine in confirmed cases in Hubei Province exceeded 90%. Screening of Chinese patent medicines and prescriptions for different types of COVID-19, such as Jinhua Qinggan Granule, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule/Granule, Xuebijing Injection, Qingfei Detoxification Decoction, Huashi Detoxification Formula and Xuanfei Detoxification Formula, has a definite clinical effect, effectively reducing the incidence, weight shift rate and death rate, promoting the nucleic acid to turn negative, improving the cure rate and speeding up the recovery period.
Implement free treatment for patients. Timely pre-allocate funds for epidemic prevention and control to ensure that patients are not affected by medical treatment due to cost problems, and ensure that medical treatment and epidemic prevention and control are not affected by financial problems. As of May 31st, the national finance at all levels has allocated 162.4 billion yuan for epidemic prevention and control. Timely adjust the medical insurance policy, clarify the medical security policy for confirmed and suspected patients, and implement "first treatment, then settlement" for confirmed and suspected patients. The medical expenses incurred by COVID-19 patients (including confirmed and suspected patients) shall be subsidized by the finance after the basic medical insurance, serious illness insurance and medical assistance are paid according to the regulations. The expenses paid for medical insurance in different places shall be paid in advance by the medical insurance department at the place of medical treatment. As of May 31st, there were 58,000 settled inpatients nationwide, with a total medical expense of 1.35 billion yuan, and the per capita medical expense of confirmed patients was about 23,000 yuan. Among them, the per capita treatment cost of critically ill patients exceeds 150,000 yuan, and the treatment cost of some critically ill patients is hundreds of thousands or even millions of yuan, all of which are borne by the state.
Strengthen the infection control of medical institutions and the protection of medical personnel. Formulate technical guidelines and system documents for infection control, and clarify the architectural layout requirements of "three areas and two channels" in key areas and medical treatment processes of medical institutions. Strengthen the training of infection control for medical staff and carry out national supervision to ensure the implementation of infection control measures. To carry out targeted guidance for key hospitals in key areas with serious epidemic situation, high risk of nosocomial infection and high pressure of medical treatment. Strengthen the classified collection, transportation and storage of medical wastes, and do a good job in the disposal of the remains of the dead. In the medical team assisting Hubei and Han, infection control experts were deployed, and there were no cases of infection among medical staff supporting Hubei Province and Wuhan City nationwide. After February, the number of reported cases of infection among medical staff in China decreased significantly. Care for medical staff, formulate a series of security policies, carry out psychological counseling, properly arrange rotation and rest, relieve physical and psychological pressure, and maintain the combat effectiveness of front-line medical staff.
(four) timely and transparent release of epidemic information according to law.
While doing its best to prevent and control the epidemic, China has established the strictest, professional and efficient information release system with the attitude of being responsible for life, people, history and the international community, and released authoritative information at the first time, with unprecedented speed, density and intensity. The sustained, authoritative and clear epidemic information has effectively responded to public concerns, condensed social consensus and provided reference for other countries.
Establish a strict epidemic release mechanism. According to the law, timely, open and transparent release of epidemic information, formulate strict regulations, and resolutely prevent concealment, late reporting and omission. Wuhan released epidemic information according to law from December 31, 2019, and gradually increased the frequency of information release. From January 21, 2020, the National Health and Wellness Commission will publish the national epidemic information of the previous day on the official website and government new media platform, and all provincial health departments will uniformly publish the epidemic information of the previous day in their own province. Since February 3, the English website of the National Health and Wellness Commission has released relevant data simultaneously.
Establish a hierarchical news release system. Adhere to the combination of national and local, on-site release and online release, establish a multi-level multi-channel and multi-platform information release mechanism, continuously release authoritative information, and timely respond to hot issues such as epidemic situation, epidemic prevention and control, medical treatment and scientific research. By May 31st, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism and the State Council Press Office had held 161 press conferences, inviting more than 490 people from more than 50 departments to attend the conference and answering more than 1,400 questions from Chinese and foreign media. Hubei Province held 103 press conferences, and other provinces held 1050 press conferences.
Correct the case data in a timely manner according to law. After the local epidemic situation was controlled, in order to ensure openness, transparency and accuracy of data, there were objectively late reports, missed reports and false reports in Wuhan, which were caused by patients’ death at home, overloaded hospitals, and incomplete registration of death case information due to insufficient treatment capacity at the early stage of the epidemic situation. According to relevant laws and regulations, the number of confirmed and dead cases was revised and released to the public on the basis of in-depth epidemic-related big data and epidemiological investigation.
Disseminate information through multiple channels and platforms. The Chinese and English official websites of the National Health and Wellness Commission set up special pages on epidemic prevention and control, published daily epidemic information, interpreted policies and measures, introduced the progress of China’s epidemic prevention and control, popularized scientific prevention and control knowledge, and clarified rumors. The government websites of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and government new media platforms timely release local epidemic information and prevention and control measures. Vigorously carry out emergency science popularization, popularize scientific cognition and scientific prevention and control knowledge to the public through popular science professional platforms, media and the Internet, organize authoritative experts to introduce daily prevention and control knowledge, guide the public to rationally understand the COVID-19 epidemic, do personal protection, and eliminate panic and fear. Strengthen the guidance of public opinion, all kinds of media fully convey the positive energy of fighting the epidemic, and at the same time play the role of public opinion supervision to promote the solution of problems in the prevention and control of the epidemic.
(5) Give full play to the supporting role of science and technology.
Science and technology is a sharp weapon for human beings to fight against diseases, and human beings can’t overcome major disasters and epidemics without scientific development and technological innovation. Facing the unknown Covid-19, China insists on taking science as the guide, making full use of the achievements of scientific and technological innovation in recent years, organizing and coordinating the national superior scientific research forces, taking Wuhan as the main battlefield, coordinating the whole country and the hardest-hit areas, determining the key points of scientific research according to the different stages of epidemic development, insisting on the coordination of scientific research, clinical practice and prevention and control, and the close cooperation of all parties in Industry-University-Research, which provides strong scientific and technological support for epidemic prevention and control.
Implement scientific research emergency research. Follow the principle of safety, effectiveness and availability, and accelerate the development and application of drugs, vaccines and new detection reagents. To meet the urgent needs of the front line of epidemic prevention and control, around "traceability, diagnosis, treatability, prevention and control", we adhered to the combination of Industry-University-Research and application, focused on five main directions: clinical treatment, drug and vaccine research and development, detection technology and products, virus etiology and epidemiology, and animal model construction, organized the national superior forces to carry out scientific and technological research on epidemic prevention and control, accelerated the development and application of science and technology, and deployed and started 83 emergency research projects. According to inactivated vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, attenuated influenza virus vector vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine and other five technical routes to carry out vaccine research and development. At present, four inactivated vaccines and one adenovirus vector vaccine have been approved for clinical trials, and the overall research and development progress is the same as that of foreign countries, and some technical routes are in the international leading position. Organize scientific research teams to carry out scientific traceability research.
Adhere to the combination of scientific research and clinical treatment, prevention and control practice. At the first time, a nucleic acid detection kit was developed, and a number of detection equipment and reagents with high sensitivity and convenient operation were introduced. The research and development layout of detection reagents covered many technical paths such as nucleic acid detection, gene sequencing and immunoassay detection. Adhere to the basic idea of "old drugs are used for new purposes", actively screen effective therapeutic drugs, explore new treatment methods, and constantly sum up treatment experience on the basis of rigorous in vitro research and mechanism research, and promote 10 drugs or treatment methods such as chloroquine phosphate, convalescent plasma, tuzumab, traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines to enter the diagnosis and treatment plan, obtain 4 clinical approvals, and form 5 guiding opinions or expert consensus. Carry out experimental clinical treatment and accelerate the popularization and application of clinically proven and effective diagnosis and treatment methods and drugs. Strengthen the supervision of laboratory biological safety, and strengthen the management of clinical blood samples and laboratory biological samples in Covid-19.
Use new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to carry out prevention and control. Make full use of new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, conduct epidemic trend research, conduct epidemiological investigations, and strive to find every infected person, exhaustively track close contacts and isolate them. Establish a database, carry out epidemic prevention and control risk data services according to law, accurately identify different risk groups, predict epidemic risks in different regions, and provide services for promoting the orderly flow of personnel and returning to work and production. Through the 5G video real-time dialogue platform, epidemiological investigation teams in remote mountainous areas can interact with high-level experts thousands of kilometers away in real time. With the authorization of individual citizens, the personal "health code" and "communication big data travel card" will be promoted as vouchers for travel, resumption of work, daily life and access to public places. According to the query results, traffic control and classified disposal will be carried out to achieve accurate identification, accurate policy and accurate prevention and control of zoning and grading. Using big data technology to draw "epidemic map", through the community name, address and location, indicate the specific location, distance, number of people and so on, to provide convenience for the public to prevent infection.
The prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19 has accumulated valuable experience for dealing with major public health emergencies, and also exposed the shortcomings of the national public health emergency management system. China will conscientiously sum up the experience and lessons of epidemic prevention and control and medical treatment, and study and adopt a series of important measures to make up the shortcomings and strengths. Reform and improve the disease prevention and control system, build a major epidemic prevention and treatment system combining peacetime and wartime, improve the emergency material support system, strengthen the construction of a new national system for tackling key core technologies, carry out patriotic health campaigns in depth, continuously improve the public health system, effectively improve the ability and level of responding to sudden major public health incidents, and better safeguard people’s life safety and health.
Third, unite the powerful forces to fight the epidemic
In the face of the sudden attack of unknown virus, China adheres to the principle of putting people first and life first, and mobilizes national resources and strength quickly and effectively to safeguard people’s life safety and health at all costs. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s people-centered ruling philosophy, the institutional characteristics of China’s concentrated efforts to do great things, the strong comprehensive national strength accumulated over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the remarkable achievements in the modernization of state governance, the cultural background of the Chinese nation helping each other in the same boat, and the profound feelings of the people of China for their home country and the whole world have gathered into a powerful force to fight the epidemic.
(A) human life is above everything else
At the momentous moment when the COVID-19 epidemic raided and people’s life safety and health were seriously threatened, the governments of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China always took a clear attitude of being responsible for the people and their lives, accurately analyzed and grasped the situation, considered the situation in many ways, was cautious, took timely actions, resolutely and resolutely, responded to the extraordinary things with extraordinary actions, and fully protected people’s rights to life and health.
Decisively choose life first between people’s lives and economic interests. After the outbreak of the epidemic, with great courage to take responsibility for people’s life safety and health, we resolutely took unprecedented comprehensive and strict control measures against Hubei Province and Wuhan City. At the same time, strictly control the flow of personnel nationwide, extend the Spring Festival holiday, stop people’s gathering activities, and decide to postpone the start of school for enterprises and schools nationwide, so as to quickly curb the spread of the epidemic and prevent more people from being infected. According to the editorial of The Lancet, "China’s success is accompanied by huge social and economic costs, and China must make difficult decisions to achieve the best balance between national health and economic protection". At the critical stage of epidemic prevention and control, accurately grasp the changes of epidemic situation, make major decisions to promote epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development as a whole, restore production and living order in an orderly manner, promote the implementation of accurate resumption of work and production by zoning and grading, and maximize the protection of people’s livelihood and people’s normal production and life. With the major strategic achievements in the prevention and control of local epidemic situation, the prevention and control strategy of "external defense input and internal defense rebound" should be adopted in time, and the hard-won situation of continuous improvement should be resolutely prevented from being reversed, and people’s lives and safety should be resolutely prevented from being threatened by the virus again.
Save lives at all costs. At the beginning of the epidemic, the number of virus-infected people increased sharply. China took improving the cure rate and reducing the death rate as the primary task, quickly enriched the medical treatment force and concentrated high-quality resources on the front line of treatment. We should adopt an active, scientific and flexible treatment strategy, be cautious from beginning to end, and go all out to treat every patient, from the baby born only 30 hours to the elderly over 100 years old, and save every patient’s life at any cost. In order to save patients, medical staff took the risk of being infected to collect virus samples, and no one flinched. In order to meet the treatment needs of critically ill patients, we have tried every means to raise artificial membrane Lung (ECMO) equipment, which can be purchased and adjusted. More than 9,600 severe cases have been treated in the designated hospitals for severe diseases in Wuhan, and the proportion of patients who are cured has increased from 14% to 89%, exceeding the average level of treatment for general viral pneumonia. For elderly patients with basic diseases, one person, one case, precise policy, as long as there is a glimmer of hope, never give up easily, as long as there is a need for rescue, personnel, medicines, equipment and funds are fully guaranteed. Since the outbreak, more than 3,000 COVID-19 patients over 80 years old and 7 over 100 years old have been successfully cured in Hubei Province, and many critically ill elderly patients have been rescued from the dying line. A 70-year-old man was suffering from COVID-19. More than 10 medical staff carefully rescued him for dozens of days, and finally saved his life. The treatment cost was nearly 1.5 million yuan, all of which was borne by the state.
Caring for overseas China citizens. The state is always concerned about the safety of overseas China citizens, and urges and supports relevant governments to take effective measures to ensure the safety of local overseas Chinese, overseas students and personnel of Chinese-funded institutions. Send medical experts and working groups to set up a telemedicine service platform to provide scientific and professional epidemic prevention and control guidance for overseas China citizens. Coordinate with foreign countries to treat China citizens diagnosed with infection abroad, fully mobilize domestic experts, foreign aid medical teams and other resources, and actively support and cooperate with foreign countries to carry out treatment. Embassies and consulates abroad try their best to perform consular protection functions, publicize epidemic prevention knowledge through various channels, and distribute more than 1 million "health packages" to international students. To assist China citizens who have real difficulties overseas to return home in an orderly manner.
Mourn the dead in the name of the country. On April 4th, Tomb-Sweeping Day and China held a national mourning activity, deeply mourning the martyrs and compatriots who died in the fight against the epidemic, observing a moment of silence for the life that did not wait for spring, and paying tribute to all the heroes who used their lives to protect their lives. From the top leaders to the ordinary people, 1.4 billion people in China sent off the martyrs and deceased compatriots with the deepest memory. China pays homage to the dead in the name of the country and the highest ceremony, which is the country’s respect and awe for people’s individual dignity and life, and the unity and strength behind the collective feelings of 1.4 billion people in China.
(2) Raise the national strength to fight the epidemic.
If one side is in trouble, all sides will support it. After the outbreak, the whole country took urgent action, relying on strong comprehensive national strength to carry out all-round manpower organization war, material support war, science and technology assault war and resource movement war, fully supported Hubei Province and Wuhan City in fighting the epidemic, and concentrated its greatest efforts to block the spread of the epidemic in the shortest time. "The speed and scale of China’s actions are rare in the world, showing the speed of China, the scale of China and the efficiency of China".
The largest medical support operation since the founding of New China. Mobilize national medical resources and strength to fully support medical treatment in Hubei Province and Wuhan City. From January 24th to March 8th, 346 national medical teams, 42,600 medical personnel and more than 900 public health personnel were mobilized to help Hubei. 19 provinces supported 16 cities in Hubei Province except Wuhan City with counterpart support and guaranteed the city by province. In the case of epidemic situation and heavy task of prevention and treatment, all provinces concentrated high-quality medical resources to support Hubei Province and Wuhan City. The People’s Liberation Army sent more than 4,000 medical personnel to support Hubei, and undertook the medical treatment tasks of three medical institutions, including Vulcan Mountain Hospital. The Air Force dispatched transport planes to deliver medical supplies urgently. Each medical team will be completed within 2 hours from receiving instructions to setting up, and will arrive within 24 hours, and bring their own protective materials for 7 days. After arrival, they will be treated quickly. Key medical materials such as automatic thermometers, negative-pressure ambulances, ventilators and ECG monitors were urgently deployed to support Hubei Province and Wuhan City (Table 1). Mobilize 40,000 builders and thousands of machinery and equipment from all over the country, and build the Volcano Hospital with 1,000 beds in just 10 days and the Thunder God Mountain hospital with 1,600 beds in only 12 days. In just over 10 days, 16 shelter hospitals with more than 14,000 beds were built. To strengthen clinical blood supply, 10 provinces provided free support to 45,000 units of red blood cells, 1,762 therapeutic doses of platelets and 1.37 million milliliters of fresh frozen plasma (excluding convalescent plasma) in Hubei Province.Large-scale and powerful medical support actions have effectively guaranteed the treatment in Hubei Province and Wuhan City, greatly alleviating the pressure of serious shortage of medical resources in the hardest hit areas.
Vigorously strengthen the production and supply of medical materials and medical support services. The prevention and control of epidemic situation is also a logistical support war. At the beginning of the epidemic, there was an extreme shortage of medical protective materials in Wuhan. In order to save protective materials and race against time to rescue patients, front-line medical staff overcame difficulties and extended the use time of protective materials to the maximum extent. In order to solve the prominent contradiction between the shortage of medical resources and the sharp increase of patients as soon as possible, China has given full play to the advantages of complete manufacturing categories, strong toughness and complete industrial chain, overcome the unfavorable factors such as shutdown and production reduction during the Spring Festival holiday, and fully tap the potential to fully guarantee the supply of upstream and downstream raw materials and logistics and transportation, and ensure the large-scale production and distribution of epidemic prevention and control materials. Medical enterprises overcome the difficulties such as insufficient return of workers, resume the production of medical supplies as quickly as possible, and maximize production capacity. Enterprises in other industries quickly adjusted their production and produced epidemic prevention materials such as masks, protective clothing, disinfectant and thermometers, effectively expanding the production and supply of epidemic prevention and control materials. Quickly start the emergency examination and approval procedures for prevention and control of medical materials, comprehensively strengthen quality and safety supervision, and ensure the fastest approval for listing, promote production and ensure supply. As of May 31, a total of 19 clinical trial applications for 17 drugs and vaccines were approved urgently, and two drugs for epidemic prevention and control were approved for listing with conditions. With the joint efforts of all parties, the production capacity of medical materials has been continuously improved, and the supply of medical materials has been greatly improved from "shortage" to "tight balance", "dynamic balance" and "dynamic full supply" (Table 2). At the beginning of February, the daily output of medical non-N95 masks and medical N95 masks were 5.86 million and 130,000 respectively.By the end of April, there were more than 200 million and 5 million respectively. Smooth the supply chain and logistics channels, establish a joint guarantee and supply cooperation mechanism, and continuously transport national support materials to key areas for epidemic prevention and control.
Overall coordination of living material security. After the closure of the Han Passage, nearly 10 million people in Wuhan are isolated at home, and they need to consume a lot of food, vegetables, meat, eggs and milk every day. Strengthen linkage and coordination, establish nine provinces’ joint guarantee and supply cooperation and 500 emergency supply enterprises’ dispatching mechanism, increase the supply of grain and oil, put in the central frozen pork reserve, enhance the product supply capacity of vegetable provinces, organize emergency material transportation teams, and fully guarantee the production, inventory, supply and price stability of residents’ daily necessities in Hubei Province, especially Wuhan City. From January 27th to March 19th, the whole country transported 928,800 tons of epidemic prevention materials and living materials, and 1,487,000 tons of production materials such as coal, oil, gas and heat to Hubei by railway, highway, water transport, civil aviation and postal express delivery, which ensured the normal social operation and the smooth implementation of isolation measures in Hubei and Wuhan. Wuhan has incorporated the distribution of living materials into community services, and opened the last link of the distribution of living materials from shopping malls, supermarkets to communities. Vegetables that have passed quarantine and met epidemic prevention standards are delivered directly to communities through non-contact distribution, thus ensuring the living needs and epidemic prevention safety of residents during the isolation period.
Social forces are widely involved. Trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women’s federations and other people’s organizations and mass organizations organized and mobilized the people they contacted to actively participate in epidemic prevention and control. Urban and rural residents, enterprises and social organizations have donated money, materials and love. Charitable organizations at all levels and the Red Cross Society have strengthened the allocation and disbursement of donated funds and materials, and focused on investing donated funds and materials in areas with severe epidemics such as Hubei Province and Wuhan City. As of May 31st, about 38.93 billion yuan and 990 million pieces of materials have been donated by the society, and about 32.83 billion yuan and 940 million pieces of materials have been donated.
After the outbreak, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese lent a helping hand through various ways and channels, actively donating and donating all kinds of epidemic prevention materials, which reflected the deep affection of compatriots and the cohesion and centripetal force of Chinese people at home and abroad to help each other and overcome the difficulties together.
(3) Balancing epidemic prevention and control with the economy, society and people’s livelihood
While strengthening epidemic prevention and control, we will steadily and orderly liberalize economic and social activities, do a good job of "six guarantees", implement the task of "six guarantees", form an economic and social operation order suitable for epidemic prevention and control, and strive to minimize the impact and impact of the epidemic on economic and social development, so as to provide strong material and social security for fighting the epidemic.
Maintain social stability and orderly operation. Efforts will be made to strengthen social security and stability, strengthen social security management, strengthen supervision over the quality and price of epidemic prevention materials, and maintain market order and social stability. Timely introduction of policies to protect the people affected by the epidemic and effectively protect their basic livelihood. Incorporate psychological crisis intervention into epidemic prevention and control, properly handle ideological and psychological problems in epidemic prevention and control, strengthen ideological guidance and psychological counseling, cultivate a rational, peaceful, positive and healthy attitude, and timely prevent and resolve conflicts and disputes related to the epidemic. Under the epidemic situation test, under the strict control measures such as traffic control and household isolation, whether in urban or rural areas, water, electricity, gas and communication are constantly available, living materials are constantly supplied, social order is not chaotic, and key industries related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, such as food, medicine, energy, basic industrial products and basic public services, operate in an orderly manner, the basic livelihood of 1.4 billion people is effectively guaranteed, and the overall economic and social situation remains stable and orderly.
Promote the resumption of work and production in an orderly manner. Intensive formulation and introduction of a number of policies, for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, reduce fees and taxes, increase financial subsidies, increase financial support, reduce burdens, stabilize jobs and expand employment, and optimize government services. All localities have formulated detailed implementation rules in a timely manner, focusing on more than 10,000 enterprises in the fields of epidemic prevention and control, public utility operation and people’s daily necessities, helping migrant workers to return to their posts "point-to-point" and "one-stop" by renting special cars, special trains and charter flights, and providing all-round services for enterprises to return to work from the aspects of personal protective materials, people flow and logistics. For public transportation, catering, accommodation, tourism, sports, entertainment and other industries that are greatly affected by the epidemic, preferential tax policies such as exemption from value-added tax will be adopted. Reduce the social security fees of enterprises in stages, postpone the payment of housing provident fund, waive highway tolls, reduce the price of electricity and gas used by enterprises, and reduce the rent burden of small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. We will temporarily postpone the repayment of principal and interest and increase preferential interest rate loans for small and medium-sized enterprises. Support college students, migrant workers and other key groups to start their own businesses, expand the benefits of the policy of returning small and medium-sized enterprises to their posts, make efforts to stabilize employment, and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Make full use of export tax rebate and export credit insurance policies, expand export credit supply, open up diversified markets, speed up the reduction of the negative list of foreign investment access, and continue to expand foreign investment market access to "replenish blood", "reduce burdens" and "expand space" for enterprises. State-owned enterprises play the main role, driving upstream and downstream industries and small and medium-sized enterprises to fully resume work and production. As of the end of April,The resumption rate of industrial enterprises above designated size in China is over 99%, that of small and medium-sized enterprises is 88.4%, and that of major projects is over 95%. The return-to-work rate and employee arrival rate of industrial enterprises above designated size in Hubei province reached 98.2% and 92.1% respectively, which was close to the national average. A number of national key science and technology projects, super livelihood projects, and major landmark foreign investment projects have reappeared in the past busy scene. China’s economic operation has accelerated to return to normal, and its economic vitality is rapidly being released.
Public life has gradually recovered. With the situation of epidemic prevention and control actively improving, the daily life of the public has gradually recovered. Public transportation resumed operation in an all-round way, and restaurants opened their restaurants in an orderly manner. The "May Day" holiday has revived. The national railways, roads, waterways and civil aviation have sent 121 million passengers, and the country has received 115 million domestic tourists, achieving a domestic tourism income of 47.56 billion yuan, which has withstood the double test of epidemic and holidays. Under the premise of implementing prevention and control measures, fully open shopping malls, supermarkets, hotels, restaurants and other living places. The whole country resumed classes in batches. As of May 31, some primary and secondary schools in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had started classes, with a total of 163 million students (including kindergartens) returning to school. China society is returning to its usual lively scene, with rising popularity and gradually recovering consumption.
(4) The 1.4 billion people of China are tenacious and dedicated to help each other.
Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the country. The 1.4 billion people of China, regardless of gender, age and post division, are consciously engaged in the people’s war to fight the epidemic, and they are tenacious, United and United, and unite with one heart and one mind to unite the majestic power to fight the epidemic. The 1.4 billion people in China are great fighters against the epidemic.
Medical workers wear armor in white and go retrograde. From academicians and experts over the ages to young medical staff after 90 s and 00 s, they are resolutely moving forward in the face of the epidemic. 540,000 medical personnel from Hubei Province and Wuhan City rushed to the front, more than 40,000 medical personnel from the military and local areas rushed to Hubei Province and Wuhan City for the first time, and millions of medical personnel fought in the national anti-epidemic front line. With their sincerity to the people and their respect for life, they fought against time, risked their lives and fought continuously, saving one dying life after another, building the Great Wall of Steel with flesh and blood to stop the virus, bringing light to the long night when the virus raged, and guarding the endless hope of the country and the nation. They fought the virus head-on, endured unimaginable physical and psychological pressure, and made great sacrifices. More than 2,000 people were diagnosed with infection, and dozens of people died in the line of duty. No one was born brave, but chose fearlessness. Dr. China’s kindness and boundless love will always be engraved in the history of the Chinese nation and in the hearts of the people of China.
The people of Wuhan and Hubei have taken the overall situation into consideration and made great sacrifices to stop the virus. Facing the isolation from the outside world, traffic stagnation and city "shutdown" after the closure of the route from Han to Hubei, the people of Wuhan and Hubei overcame the difficulties caused by close contact with viruses, tight medical resources and living materials, and long-term isolation, endured the pain of losing their loved ones, obeyed the overall situation, gritted their teeth, and stuck to unity. In the great anti-epidemic war, the heroic people of Wuhan and Hubei will go down in history and be remembered by people.
Community workers, public security police, customs officers, grassroots cadres and sinking cadres have worked tirelessly to be on duty day and night and sacrificed their lives to protect people’s safety. 4 million community workers fought in 650,000 urban and rural communities across the country, monitoring the epidemic situation, taking body temperature, checking personnel, standing guard, publicizing policies, preventing and killing diseases, being conscientious and conscientious, and keeping the "first pass" of epidemic prevention and control. Public security police and auxiliary police stationed in hospitals, transported patients, patrolled streets, and maintained order. In the face of urgent and dangerous tasks, they bravely shouldered heavy burdens, and more than 130 people died in their jobs. Customs officers perform health and quarantine duties according to law, and build a strong port quarantine defense line. On the front line of community prevention and control, party member and cadres promptly transmitted the voice of the Party and the government to the grassroots, organized and mobilized the masses to do prevention and control, actively solved problems for the masses, and grasped the fine grid service management.
Courier brothers, sanitation workers, road transport practitioners, journalists, volunteers and other workers from all walks of life are not afraid of the wind and rain, and they are dedicated and persistent. During the epidemic, thousands of households closed their doors, and millions of couriers braved the wind, snow and epidemic, rushing around in cities and villages, bringing warmth to people. 1.8 million sanitation workers across the country get up early and work tirelessly, and do a good job in sanitation cleaning, disinfection and sterilization, centralized treatment of medical wastes, and garbage removal and transportation with high standards. Tens of millions of road transport practitioners stick to their posts, and taxi drivers in many cities have not stopped working, effectively ensuring epidemic prevention and control, transportation of production and living materials and resumption of work. Journalists are not afraid of risks, go deep into the front line, record the bits and pieces of China’s fight against the epidemic, and convey the warmth and strength of the people of China in fighting the epidemic. Many ordinary people devote themselves to the frontline volunteer service, and the community is on duty, checking patients, cleaning and disinfecting, buying medicines and delivering vegetables to alleviate the urgent needs of residents. According to incomplete statistics, as of May 31st, there were 8.81 million registered volunteers participating in epidemic prevention and control nationwide, with more than 460,000 volunteer service projects and more than 290 million volunteer service hours recorded.
The broad masses of people shoulder their responsibilities, unite as one, and consciously participate in the fight against the epidemic. In the face of crisis, the people of China highly trusted the governments of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China, bravely shouldered social responsibilities, restrained themselves and even sacrificed themselves to win the fight against the epidemic. The outbreak coincided with the Spring Festival holiday. Under the command of the state, the whole people responded and acted in unison, and the whole society stopped urgently. People cancel visiting relatives and friends and all kinds of parties during the Spring Festival, overcome difficulties and isolate themselves on the spot, and consciously wear masks, take temperature and keep social distance when going out. Protecting yourself is to protect others, to contribute to the country and to become a social consensus and everyone’s conscious action. People have been isolated at home for a long time, taking classes online, learning delicious food and spending time with their families, relieving stress in various ways and fighting the epidemic with a positive and optimistic attitude. "All good practices must have the collective will of the public if they want to be effective. Because of this, China has the ability to deal with a new type of unknown virus through traditional public health interventions.
Major crisis is the touchstone to test the ruling idea and efficiency of the ruling party. China’s efforts to curb the spread of the epidemic in a relatively short period of time depend on the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China (CPC) has a strong leadership core and a people-centered ruling philosophy. Facing the epidemic crisis, it makes scientific decisions quickly and implements efficient and effective crisis response. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s strict organizational system and efficient operation mechanism have established a crisis response mechanism from horizontal to horizontal and vertical to the end in a short time, effectively mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties, and the whole country has banned and unified actions. More than 4.6 million grass-roots organizations in the Communist Party of China (CPC) have mobilized, organized, rallied and served the masses extensively, and built a strong fortress against the epidemic. At the critical juncture when the epidemic endangered people’s lives and safety, Communist party member rushed to the forefront. More than 39 million party member and cadres across the country fought in the front line against the epidemic, more than 13 million party member participated in voluntary service, and nearly 400 party member and cadres gave their precious lives to protect people’s lives and safety. The vast number of party member consciously donated money to contribute to the epidemic prevention and control struggle. Pay attention to temper party member cadres in the epidemic test, test their initial intentions and responsibilities for the people, make adjustments and supplements to the leading bodies of Hubei Provincial Party Committee and Wuhan Municipal Committee, hold party member cadres seriously accountable for their failure, inaction and dereliction of duty, and give strong praise and bold use to party member cadres who dare to take responsibility and are serious and responsible, thus setting a clear direction. After being honed by the epidemic, the people of China have realized more deeply that the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most important guarantee and the most reliable support when the storm strikes.More support and trust in the Communist Party of China (CPC), more confidence in the China system.
Fourth, jointly build a healthy community of human health
At present, the COVID-19 epidemic is still raging all over the world, and many lives are lost every day. In the face of a serious crisis, mankind once again stands at the crossroads of where to go. Insist on scientific rationality or create political differences? Strengthen unity and cooperation or seek decoupling and isolation? Promote multilateral coordination or pursue unilateralism? There is an urgent need for responses from all countries. China advocates that all countries should make correct choices for the future and destiny of all mankind and the well-being of future generations, uphold the concept of a community of human destiny, and Qi Xin should work together, watch and help each other, and work together to resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic, win the global war of prevention and control of the epidemic, and protect the world and people in Kangning.
(1) China thanks and remembers the valuable support and help of the international community.
At the most difficult time of epidemic prevention and control in China, the international community gave valuable support and help to the people of China and China. Leaders of more than 170 countries, heads of 50 international and regional organizations and more than 300 foreign political parties and organizations sent letters, calls and statements to the leaders of China to express their condolences and support. 77 countries and 12 international organizations provided donations to the people of China in their fight against the epidemic, including medical masks, protective clothing, goggles, ventilators and other emergency medical materials and equipment. Local governments, enterprises, non-governmental organizations and individuals from 84 countries have donated materials to China. The BRICS New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank provided 7 billion yuan and 2.485 billion yuan of emergency loans to China respectively, while the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank provided China with loan support such as the construction of the national public health emergency management system. China thanks the international community for its valuable understanding and support, which the people of China will always remember. The Chinese nation is grateful and reciprocates, and China has always provided support to the international community in the fight against the epidemic within its capacity.
(2) China actively carries out international exchanges and cooperation.
Since the outbreak of the epidemic, China has always carried out exchanges and cooperation with the international community, strengthened high-level communication, shared epidemic information, carried out scientific research cooperation, provided assistance to international organizations and other countries within its capacity, and contributed China’s wisdom and China’s strength to the global fight against the epidemic. The Communist Party of China (CPC) issued a joint appeal with 240 political parties in more than 110 countries, calling on all parties to put human safety and health first, uphold the concept of a community of human destiny, and work together to strengthen international anti-epidemic cooperation.
The Chairman of the Supreme Leader personally promoted international cooperation. Since the outbreak of the epidemic, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader has called or met with nearly 50 foreign leaders and heads of international organizations to introduce China’s anti-epidemic efforts and achievements, and to clarify that China has always been open, transparent and responsible in releasing epidemic information in a timely manner, sharing its experience in prevention and treatment, and to clarify that China feels the same way about the epidemic and difficulties suffered by other countries and actively provides assistance within its capacity, calling on all parties to establish a sense of community of human destiny, strengthen bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and support international organizations to play their roles and work together to deal with the epidemic. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader attended the G-20 leaders’ special summit and delivered a speech, introducing China’s anti-epidemic experience, proposing four propositions and a series of cooperation initiatives, such as resolutely fighting the global war to prevent and control the COVID-19 epidemic, effectively carrying out international joint prevention and control, actively supporting international organizations to play their roles, and strengthening international macroeconomic policy coordination, and calling on the international community to face challenges and act quickly. On May 18th, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the video conference of the 73rd World Health Assembly, calling on all countries to unite and cooperate to overcome the epidemic and jointly build a community of human health, and put forward six suggestions, such as making full efforts to prevent and control the epidemic, giving full play to the role of the World Health Organization, increasing support to African countries, strengthening global public health governance, restoring economic and social development, and strengthening international cooperation.It also announced a series of major measures for China to support the global fight against the epidemic, such as providing US$ 2 billion in international aid within two years, establishing a global humanitarian emergency warehouse and hub in China in cooperation with the United Nations, establishing 30 cooperation mechanisms for counterpart hospitals in China and Africa, making China COVID-19 vaccine a global public product after it is developed and put into use, and working with G20 members to implement the "debt repayment initiative for the poorest countries".
Share epidemic information and anti-epidemic experience with the international community. China timely informed the international community of epidemic information and exchanged prevention and control experience, which provided basic support for global epidemic prevention. After the outbreak, China took the initiative to inform the World Health Organization and relevant countries and regional organizations about the epidemic situation, shared the whole genome sequence information of Covid-19 and the primer and probe sequence information of Covid-19 nucleic acid detection, and regularly informed the World Health Organization and relevant countries about the epidemic situation information. China has conducted more than 70 epidemic prevention and control exchanges with ASEAN, EU, AU, APEC, CARICOM, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other international and regional organizations, as well as South Korea, Japan, Russia, the United States, Germany and other countries. The National Health and Wellness Commission compiled the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control plan and translated it into three languages, shared it with more than 180 countries and more than 10 international and regional organizations around the world for reference, and jointly held the "International Briefing on COVID-19’s Experience in Preventing and Treating China" with the World Health Organization. The State Council Press Office held two English special conferences in Wuhan, inviting relevant experts and front-line medical staff to introduce China’s anti-epidemic experience and practices. China media set up columns such as "global epidemic consultation room" and "global anti-epidemic China plan" to build a platform for exchanges among countries. China think tanks and experts conduct foreign exchanges in various ways. The China-World Health Organization joint expert investigation team made a field investigation on the first-line epidemic prevention and control work in Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Wuhan, and spoke highly of China’s anti-epidemic efforts and effectiveness.
Provide humanitarian assistance to the international community. Under the situation that its own epidemic prevention and control is still under great pressure, China has acted quickly and provided assistance to the international community within its capacity. We provided two batches of cash assistance totaling US$ 50 million to the World Health Organization, actively assisted the World Health Organization in purchasing personal protective equipment in China and establishing a material bank, actively assisted the World Health Organization’s Solidarity Response Fund in raising funds in China, and participated in the initiative of "global cooperation to accelerate the development, production and fair access to new tools for prevention and control in COVID-19" initiated by the World Health Organization. Actively carry out foreign medical assistance. As of May 31st, China has sent 29 medical expert groups to 27 countries, and has provided or is providing anti-epidemic assistance to 150 countries and 4 international organizations. Guide foreign aid medical teams stationed in 56 countries for a long time to assist the host countries in epidemic prevention and control, provide technical consultation and health education to the people in the host countries and overseas Chinese, and hold more than 400 online and offline trainings; Local governments, enterprises, non-governmental organizations and individuals have donated anti-epidemic materials to more than 150 countries, regions and international organizations through various channels. China government always cares about the life safety and health of foreigners in China, and treats foreigners infected with COVID-19 equally and promptly.
Export epidemic prevention materials in an orderly manner. On the basis of meeting the needs of domestic epidemic prevention and control, China has tried its best to provide support and convenience for countries to purchase epidemic prevention materials, and opened up the barriers in demand docking, supply organization, logistics and transportation, export customs clearance, etc., so as to smooth the export links and carry out the export of epidemic prevention materials in an orderly manner. Take effective measures to strictly control quality, standardize order, issue an information guide on the access of epidemic prevention materials to foreign markets, strengthen supervision over the market and export quality of epidemic prevention materials, and provide the international community with epidemic prevention materials urgently needed to fight the epidemic with good quality and quantity. From March 1 to May 31, China exported epidemic prevention materials to 200 countries and regions, including 70.6 billion masks, 340 million protective suits, 115 million goggles, 96,700 ventilators, 225 million test kits and 40.29 million infrared thermometers. The export scale showed an obvious growth trend, which strongly supported the epidemic prevention and control in relevant countries. From January to April, the number of trains in China and Europe and the volume of goods delivered increased by 24% and 27% respectively year-on-year, and 660,000 pieces of anti-epidemic materials were transported, which played an important role in maintaining the smooth flow of international industrial chain and supply chain and ensuring the transportation of anti-epidemic materials.
Carry out international scientific research exchanges and cooperation. Strengthen communication with the World Health Organization, carry out scientific research exchanges and cooperation with relevant countries in traceability, drugs, vaccines and testing, share scientific research data and information, and jointly study prevention, control and treatment strategies. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Health and Wellness Commission, the China Association for Science and Technology and the Chinese Medical Association jointly set up the "Academic Exchange Platform for Scientific Research Achievements in novel coronavirus" for global researchers to publish their achievements and participate in discussions. Up to May 31st, 104 journals, 970 papers and reports have been launched. State administration of traditional chinese medicine, together with the SCO’s good-neighborly friendship and cooperation committee, held the "COVID-19 Video Diagnosis Meeting between the China Expert Group of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization National Hospital" to guide the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies and the World Federation of Acupuncture Societies to carry out activities such as "Global Live Broadcasting of Chinese Medicine against Epidemic" and "International Lecture Hall of Anti-epidemic Experts". China Academy of Sciences released "2019 novel coronavirus Resource Database" and built "novel coronavirus National Science and Technology Resource Service System" and "novel coronavirus Scientific Research Literature Sharing Platform". By May 31st, the three platforms had provided nearly 48 million downloads, browsing and retrieval services for more than 370,000 users worldwide. Establish an international cooperation expert database and cooperate with relevant countries in vaccine research and development and drug research and development. Give full play to the role of the "Belt and Road" alliance of international scientific organizations and promote scientific and technological cooperation among members on Covid-19 research and COVID-19 treatment.China’s medical institutions, disease control institutions and scientists have published dozens of high-level papers in internationally renowned academic journals such as The Lancet, Science, Nature and New England Journal of Medicine, and timely released the first batch of patients in COVID-19’s clinical characteristics, interpersonal transmission risks, Fangcang Hospital experience, drug research and development progress, vaccine animal experiment results and other research results. Carry out scientific research cooperation with relevant countries, the World Health Organization, the Innovation Alliance for Epidemic Prevention (CEPI) and the Global Alliance for Vaccine Immunization (GAVI) to accelerate vaccine research and development and drug clinical trials.
(3) The international community unites and cooperates to fight the epidemic together.
The spread of the epidemic around the world is worrying. Whether it is to stop the spread of the virus or to resist the worsening global economic recession, it is necessary for the international community to unite and cooperate, adhere to multilateralism and promote the building of a community of human destiny. Unity and cooperation are that most powerful weapon for the international community to overcome the epidemic. The success or failure of the future depends on what you do today. China called on all countries to act urgently, unite better, strengthen cooperation in an all-round way, and jointly fight the epidemic to overcome the difficulties.
Effectively carry out international cooperation in joint prevention and control. To deal with the epidemic, all countries must work together and establish a strict joint defense and control network. Since the outbreak, the World Health Organization has adhered to an objective and fair position, actively performed its duties, and adopted a series of professional, scientific and effective measures, making great contributions to leading and promoting international anti-epidemic cooperation. China firmly supports the World Health Organization to play a leading role in global anti-epidemic, and calls on the international community to increase its political support and financial input to the World Health Organization and mobilize global resources to win the epidemic prevention war. China advocates that, under the guidance and coordination of the World Health Organization, all countries should adopt scientific and reasonable coordinated prevention and control measures, scientifically allocate medical forces and important materials, and take effective measures in important fields such as protection, isolation, detection, treatment and tracking. At the same time, they should strengthen information sharing and experience exchange, carry out international cooperation in detection methods, clinical treatment and vaccine drug research and development, and continue to support scientists from all countries to carry out global scientific research on the source and transmission route of the virus. China called on the G20, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, BRICS countries, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other multilateral mechanisms to intensify dialogue, exchange and policy coordination within the mechanisms, and G20 members should earnestly implement the consensus reached at the G20 special summit. To carry out international cooperation in joint prevention and control, the responsibility, responsibility and initiative of big countries are crucial. China is willing to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with other countries, including the United States, to jointly meet the challenges of the epidemic, especially in the research and development, production and distribution of vaccines and specific drugs, so as to make due contributions to blocking the spread of the virus.
Cooperate to deal with the impact of the epidemic on the world economy. The epidemic spread around the world, people’s mobility and cross-border business activities were blocked, the financial market fluctuated violently, the global industrial chain supply chain suffered a double blow, and the deep recession of the world economy was inevitable. It is imperative for the international community to join hands to stabilize and restore the world economy. China is willing to work with other countries to cope with the rising global economic recession, strengthen the coordination of international macroeconomic policies and jointly safeguard the stability, safety and smoothness of the global industrial chain supply chain while strengthening epidemic prevention and control. The COVID-19 epidemic has changed the pattern of economic globalization, but the general trend of globalization has not changed. It is difficult to separate the world and protect itself by decoupling, building a wall and de-globalization. China advocates that all countries should continue to promote globalization, maintain the multilateral trading system based on the World Trade Organization, reduce tariffs, remove barriers, and smooth trade, so as to ensure the safe and smooth operation of the global industrial chain supply chain. At the same time, they should implement effective fiscal and monetary policies, strengthen financial supervision and coordination, maintain the stability of financial markets, and prevent the global financial crisis from causing the world economy to fall into a large-scale and long-term recession. China will continue to supply epidemic prevention materials, raw materials, daily necessities and other products to the international market, unswervingly expand reform and opening up, actively expand imports and expand foreign investment, and make greater contributions to countries’ fight against the epidemic and stabilize the world economy.
Provide assistance to countries and regions with weak ability to cope with the epidemic. Developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, especially African countries, have weak public health systems, and it is difficult to cope with the severe challenges brought by the epidemic independently. Helping them improve their ability and level of epidemic prevention and control is the top priority of the global epidemic prevention and control. China called on multilateral institutions such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to provide necessary emergency assistance to African countries; Developed countries provide more material, technical and human support to developing countries, especially African countries, and shoulder more responsibilities and play a greater role in the global fight against epidemic diseases. China has actively participated in and implemented the G-20 Debt Relief Initiative, and has announced that 77 developing countries concerned will suspend debt repayment. On the basis of delivering medical aid to more than 50 African countries and the African Union, and sending seven medical expert groups, China will further intensify its aid to Africa to fight the epidemic, continue to provide support to African countries within its capacity, help urgently needed medical materials, carry out medical technical cooperation, and send more medical expert groups and working groups to help African countries improve their ability and level of epidemic prevention and control. China will support the United Nations humanitarian response plan.
Resolutely oppose stigma and politicization of the epidemic. Facing the serious threat of Covid-19 to human life safety and health, it is imperative to unite and cooperate to overcome the epidemic. The common enemy of mankind is virus, not a country or a race. China called on the international community to be more united, to abandon prejudice and arrogance, to resist selfishness and blame-throwing, to oppose stigma and politicization of the epidemic, and to let the spirit of unity, cooperation, responsibility and action lead people all over the world to win the global anti-epidemic victory. China is a victim of the virus and a contributor to the global fight against the epidemic, and should be treated fairly instead of being blamed. China sent a clear and definite message to the international community at the early stage of the epidemic. Individual countries ignored these messages and delayed the response to the epidemic and saved lives, but instead claimed that they were "delayed" by China. It was really "adding insult to injury, finding a solution". China has always adhered to the principles of openness, transparency and responsibility to release epidemic information to the international community in a timely manner, and unreasonably accused China of concealing epidemic information and death case data, which is extremely disrespectful to the 1.4 billion people in China, the deceased who were killed by the virus, and millions of China medical staff. China firmly opposes this. Covid-19 is a new virus unknown to human beings. Tracing the source of the virus is a scientific issue, which requires scientists and medical experts to study and draw scientific conclusions based on facts and evidence. It is irresponsible and immoral to cover up one’s own problems by shifting responsibility, and China will never accept any indiscriminate complaints and claims. In the face of the global spread of the epidemic, China’s assistance to the international community within its capacity stems from the warm-hearted people of China.It stems from empathy for the people of other countries suffering from the epidemic, from the humanitarian spirit of helping each other in the same boat in the face of disasters, and from the responsibility and responsibility of big countries. It is by no means exporting the China model, let alone seeking so-called geopolitical interests.
Improve and perfect the global public health system that benefits all mankind and is efficient and sustainable. The history of human development is also the history of fighting against viruses. At present, there are many shortcomings in global public health governance, the global joint prevention and control mechanism of infectious diseases is far from being formed, international public health resources are very scarce, and the rise of anti-globalization makes the global public health system more fragile. Humans will eventually overcome the epidemic, but major public health emergencies will not be the last time for humans. China called on all countries to take this epidemic as a mirror, reflect on lessons, turn crises into opportunities, adhere to life first, global integration, equal respect, cooperation and mutual assistance with excellent political vision and a highly responsible spirit, establish and improve cooperation mechanisms such as long-term financing mechanism for global public health security, threat monitoring and early warning and joint response mechanism, resource reserve and resource allocation system, build an efficient and sustainable global public health system that benefits all mankind, and build a solid defense line to ensure the safety and health of all mankind. China supports that after the global epidemic has been controlled, we should adhere to the principle of objectivity and impartiality and a scientific and professional attitude, comprehensively evaluate the global response to the epidemic, sum up experience and make up for the shortcomings. China maintains that for the sake of human development and future generations, all countries should take immediate action and take decisive measures to eliminate the real and potential threat of the virus to human beings to the maximum extent. As a responsible big country, China has always adhered to the concept of community of human destiny and actively promoted and participated in international cooperation in the field of health.Conscientiously implement the six suggestions and five measures put forward by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader at the opening ceremony of the video conference of the 73rd World Health Assembly, and make greater contributions to maintaining regional and world public health safety and promoting the construction of a human health community.
Concluding remarks
The Chinese nation has gone through hardships, but it has never been crushed. Instead, it has become more frustrated and brave, constantly growing and rising from hardships. In the face of the epidemic, the people of China have made great strategic achievements in fighting the epidemic with one heart and one mind. China has always stood closely with other countries, sharing weal and woe and fighting side by side.
At present, Covid-19 is still spreading around the world, and the international community will face more severe difficulties and challenges. The global epidemic prevention and control war has become a battle to safeguard global public health security, human health and well-being, world prosperity and development, and international moral conscience, which is related to the future and destiny of mankind. Man can only win by fighting, there is no other way. The international community should strengthen its confidence and unite and cooperate. Unity is strength, and victory must belong to all mankind!
The epidemic situation in COVID-19 has profoundly affected the process of human development, but people’s yearning for and pursuit of a better life have not changed, and the historical wheel of peaceful development and win-win cooperation is still rolling forward. Sunshine is always after the storm. People all over the world, with hopes and dreams, adhering to the concept of a community of human destiny, moving forward with one goal and unity, will surely overcome all kinds of difficulties and challenges and build a more prosperous and beautiful world.
